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The zoning of the erosion intensity and sediment yield using the geographic information systems and remote sensing, with the application of the MPSIAC model (Case study: Syazakh dam basin, Kurdistan)

100%

Emamgholi M. , Shahedi K. , Khaledian V. , Babaee K.

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tom 04

EN

The aim of the present research was to estimate erosion and sediment and to formulate a map of the basin's erosion intensity using the satellite data, GIS technique and to compare the hydrometric stations' statistics. Using the Land sat satellite images among the results obtained from these data through (TM, ETM+), coverage index (NDVI) as well as a combination of bands 2, 3 and 4 for determining the type of land use and for assessing the soil texture in terms of regional aerial images tone and in accordance with the physiographic of the basin through sampling the soil texture , the map of the basin's texture was obtained. Assessing the surface and river erosion was also conducted using the aerial images and field visits. Given the data obtained and the model being applied, the special sediment rate in the basin was 5/19 tons per hectare, while the overall sediment rate obtained for the entire basin was estimated 5496533 tons in a year. Meantime, the observed and estimated value in the hydrometric station of Nesare Olya for as much as 553230 tons in a year shows a less than 1 % difference in the entire estimation of the sediments accumulated in the back of the dam while its sediment load rate estimation as much as 5/16 tons per hectare shows a 0/03 difference rate for the station.

2

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the causal agent of chafer beetle mortality in the wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran

100%

Karimi K. , Arzanlou M. , Ahari A. B. , Ghazi M. M.

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nr 3

EN

We report the first case of chafer beetle [Anisoplia austriaca (Herbst 1783)] mortality caused by Actinomucor elegans var. elegans in wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran. For three years, dead larvae of Anisoplia austriaca were collected from wheat fields of the Kurdistan province. Similar isolates of a fast-growing fungus were recovered from all samples. The fungal isolates were identified as A. elegans var. elegans based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The identity of the species was further confirmed using sequence data of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of ribosomal DNA. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by the inoculation of the larvae of A. austriaca and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (as the model insect) using the spore suspension of A. elegans var. elegans. The viability of sporangiospores was evaluated using a spore dilution technique on germination medium. The results on the pathogenicity (100% mortality in A. austriaca larvae) and viability tests (germination: 95.45%) demonstrated that A. elegans var. elegans can be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against the chafer beetle. Field experiments are still required to evaluate the capacity of A. elegans as a biological control agent.

3

Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria parva associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq

80%

Haleem R. A. , Abdullah S. K. , Jubrael J. M. S.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2012

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tom 65

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nr 1

EN

During a survey on fungi associated with decline symptoms on grapevine cultivars growing in Kurdistan region of Iraq, several isolates of Botryosphaeria species were encountered. All isolates were identified as Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook and Samuels. Pathogenicity test for isolate DKI 1 was performed on two cultivars, Taefi and Rashmew. Under greenhouse conditions, one-year grape rooted cuttings were inoculated with the pathogen isolate by two methods, injecting the spore suspension into the green shoots and by artificial inoculation of wounded shoots with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (15.0 mm) was produced after four months on the shoots of the Taife cultivar artificially inoculated with mycelial mat of the pathogen. Under field conditions, two methods of inoculation were adopted, wounding the green shoots and drilling a hole in the arms of mature vine, followed by inoculation with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (11.17 mm) was obtained after 5 months on wounded shoots of the Rashmew cultivar and with a significant difference from the Taefi cultivar. The pathogen caused a reduction in fresh and dry weight of green shoots and roots compared with the non-inoculated control. This is the first report on B. parva in Iraq.

PL

W trakcie prowadzenia badań nad grzybami związanymi z symptomami zamierania gatunków winorośli rosnących w regionie Kurdystan w Iraku natrafiono na kilka izolatów gatunków z rodzaju Botryosphaeria. Wszystkie izolaty oznaczono jako Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook i Samuels. Na dwóch odmianach, ‘Taefi’ i ‘Rashmew’, wykonano test patogeniczności dla izolatu DKI 1. W warunkach szklarniowych jednoroczne ukorzenione sadzonki winorośli inokulowano izolatem patogena przy użyciu dwóch metod: wstrzykując zawiesinę zarodników grzyba w zielone pędy oraz poprzez sztuczną inokulację naciętych pędów za pomocą grzybni. Nekroza o największej długości (15,0 mm) powstała po czterech miesiącach na pędach odmiany Taife sztucznie inokulowanych grzybnią patogena. W warunkach polowych przyjęto dwie metody inokulacji: nacięcie zielonych pędów oraz wywiercenie dziurki w gałęziach dojrzałej winorośli, po czym dokonano inokulacji grzybnią. Nekrozę o największej długości (11,17 mm) uzyskano po 5 miesiącach na naciętych pędach odmiany Rashmew, przy czym różnica w stosunku do odmiany Taefi była istotna. Patogen spowodował zmniejszenie świeżej i suchej masy pędów zielonych i korzeni w porównaniu z nieokulowaną kontrolą. Jest to pierwsze doniesienie na temat grzyba B. parva w Iraku.