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1

Obnovení funkce podkomořího králové na počátku raného novověku: revize příjmů královny Anny Jagellonské z českých královských věnných měst roku 1538

100%

Vorel P. , Reischlová D.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2022

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tom 37

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nr 2

141-167

EN

The study is based on an up till now unused source containing a revision of incomes received by the Bohemian Queen Anne of Bohemia and Hungary from seven dowry towns in the Kingdom of Bohemia (Chrudim, Hradec Králové, Jaroměř, Vysoké Mýto, Polička, Dvůr Králové, and Mělník). Following the death of the Queen’s Vice-Chamberlain Petr Rašín of Rýzmburk († 1537), a thorough control of his incomes and expenses was carried out. The dowry towns were obliged to document – using various sources – changes based on which their obligatory payments to the Queen were lowered compared to the medieval period. Following the revision in 1538, these obligatory payments were adjusted, and their new exact amount was set.

2

Zjazd książąt śląskich z 1329 roku

86%

Ptak M. J.

Prawo

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2016

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nr 321

115-138

EN

The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line (Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg) and Głogów line (Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa). They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.

DE

Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer (Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg) und Glogauer (Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa) Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist.

3

The Delegation of the Bohemian King-Elector to the Election of the New Roman King in Frankfurt am Main, 1745

86%

Kubeš J.

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2022

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tom 6

65-97

EN

It may seem that we know a lot about the elections and coronations of Roman kings and emperors in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and this also applies to the one of 1745, when Francis I Stephen became emperor. However, very little attention has been paid to the electoral delegations, their tasks, and their role in the pre-election negotiations. This article will therefore analyse the instructions issued by Queen Maria Theresa of Bohemia, who did not personally come to Frankfurt am Main for the election, to her diplomats. The analysis will then be supplemented by additional sources from the National Archives in Prague, where the reports of the delegation and other sources have been preserved. The election of 1745 is thoroughly compared with the elections of 1657–58 (Leopold I), 1711 (Charles VI), and 1742 (Charles VII). The author shows who made up the Bohemian delegation and how some of these diplomats’ tasks changed over time. Although the delegation of three noblemen – Counts Wurmbrand and Khevehüller, and Baron Hilleprand – had mainly ceremonial tasks, its role was also crucial in the actual negotiations, both on the very day of the election, then when it represented the Queen in the cathedral, and finally in conclave vote and when it was given other tasks (such as organising the celebratory banquet, illuminating the houses, etc.). It is evident that the delegation helped Queen Maria Theresa and her family regain possession of the imperial title.

4

Sňatek Viléma z Rožmberka a Anny Marie Bádenské

72%

Bůžek V. , Miller S.

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tom 119

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nr 3

565-611

EN

The study focuses on the knowledge of the preparations, the role of kinship, ceremonial, the political and religious significance of the third wedding of Vilém of Rosenberg (1535–1592) and Anna Maria of Baden (1562–1583), which took place on the 27th to the 29th of January 1578 in Český Krumlov, where the groom had his main family residence. Vilém of Rosenberg came from an ancient aristocratic family, whose rulers held the foremost place in the Kingdom of Bohemia after the monarch. He was born into the marriage of Jošt III of Rosenberg and Anna of Roggendorf. His first two wives, coming from the princely families of the Holy Roman Empire, were Lutherans. Anna Maria of Baden was the daughter of the Margrave of Baden Philibert and archduchess of Bavaria Matilda of Wittelsbach. When she was orphaned, she was raised with her brother and two sisters in the strictly Catholic milieu of the court of her uncle Albrecht V of Wittelsbach in Munich. In the background of the wedding was Ferdinand of Tyrol, who expected from the new marital alliance strengthening of the Catholicism of the political axis between Innsbruck, Munich, Prague and Vienna. Rudolf II agreed with the creation of the marital alliance, who appreciated in the supreme burgrave of the Kingdom of Bohemia the deep nobility of his family and faithful service to the Habsburgs. In negotiating the terms of the marriage, Vilém of Rosenberg was supported in Munich by Brandenburg Elector Johann Georg of Hohenzollern and the Saxon Elector August of the Wettin family, with whom he was connected by kinship ties. The largest exchange of views was evoked in the correspondence of Albrecht V of Wittelsbach and Vilém of Rosenberg by the wedding ceremony based on the exact sequence of steps, which included the reception of the sacrament of the altar, wedding reception, toast, dance, virgin sacrifice, exchange of wedding gifts and subsequent thanksgiving, chivalric entertainment, fireworks and probably also the reading of celebratory poems. After concluding the marriage, Vilém of Rosenberg expanded his kinship ties to the imperial nobility of the Catholic faith. It was not only his brother-in-law Philip II of Baden, but also both sisters-in-law married after the death of their sister to important princely and countly families of the Holy Roman Empire.

5

„Ludzie czarni od słońca i osmaleni od wiatru, o spojrzeniu straszliwym i groźnym” – wojownicy husyccy w świetle źródeł z epoki

58%

Strzyż P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2019

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nr 103

43-57

EN

The period of the Hussite revolution in the years 1419–1436 holds one of the most prominent places in the history of the Czech military. There is no doubt that this is also a time of great glory of Hussite field troops – the „Orphans” and the „Taborites”. For one and a half of a decade no contemporary army which confronted them was able to defeat the Hussites. However, the present paper will not deal with weaponry of these warriors. What will be discussed is their appearance and deeds, with special reference to those of non-military nature which very soon added to their sinister fame. It was not infrequently that this fame virtually paralysed entire armies and defenders of castles and towns – the very sound of a Hussite war battle song Ktož jsú boží bojovníci was enough. A sort of Hussite „hallmarks” were: burning and pulling down of monasteries and churches, tortures and murders of rural and urban populations, with a special preference for burning on the stake or in barns, as well as pillaging of any sort of movable and immovable property and trade with such goods. In spite of the fact that such acts were not uncommon in the Middle Ages, it was the Hussites who were very eagerly labelled as merciless plunderers.

PL

W historii czeskiego oręża jedno z najważniejszych miejsc zajmuje okres rewolucji husyckiej lat 1419–1436. Jest to też niewątpliwie czas wielkiej chwały husyckich wojsk polnych „sierotek” i „taborytów”, którym przez półtorej dekady nie była w stanie sprostać żadna ze stających z nimi do konfrontacji ówczesnych armii. Przedmiotem badań nie będzie jednak uzbrojenie tych wojowników, lecz ich wygląd oraz czyny, przede wszystkim te pozamilitarne, które bardzo szybko przysporzyły im złowrogiej sławy. Nierzadko paraliżowała ona całe armie oraz obrońców zamków i miast – wystarczył dźwięk słów ich bojowej pieśni Ktož jsú boží bojovníci. Ich swego rodzaju „znakami rozpoznawczymi” były: palenie i burzenie klasztorów i kościołów, tortury i mordy na ludności wsi i miast ze szczególnym upodobaniem palenia na stosie lub w stodołach oraz rabowanie wszelkich dóbr ruchomych i nieruchomych oraz handel nimi. I mimo że w średniowieczu takie postępowanie nie należało do rzadkości, to jednak „łatka” pozbawionych litości grabieżców była bardzo chętnie przypinana właśnie husytom.

6

Eschatologie a spása v bohemikálních sporech duše s tělem

58%

Soukupová V.

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2023

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tom 71

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nr 2

145-176

EN

The paper provides an analysis of eschatological themes in medieval debates between body and soul related to the Kingdom of Bohemia. The oldest poem (after 1320) emphasizes the particular judgment as the dominant eschatological horizon, probably under the influence of the Processus Sathanae. The old Czech translation of Visio Philiberti (ca. 1370) seems to avoid the description of physically conceived pain of a separated soul and stresses the absence of God as the worst punishment. The third old Czech debate (end of the 14th c.) underlines the loving bond between human composites, further accentuated in a contemporary Latin prose debate between body and soul by the archbishop of Prague John of Jenstein in his Liber dialogorum.