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EN
Carpet workers are exposed to different types of health risk factors in different seasons of the year. As the environmental conditions become harsh, risk for developing various types of diseases increases. These problems are further aggravated when the environmental conditions at the workplace deteriorate. An attempt has been made to study the health risk factors in the carpet industry in different seasons of the year. It has been concluded that in winter weavers are affected by several types of health risk factors as compared to the other seasons.
3
Content available Semthan: A Hellenistic outpost in Kashmir Himalaya
72%
EN
Semthan is one of the important archaeological sites in the southern part of the Kashmir valley. The very limited archaeological excavation at the site has revealed interesting results and a cultural continuity which bridged the gap from the end of the Megalithic phase to the emergence of Kushan culture in the valley. The material culture from Semthan significantly changed the whole fabric of Kashmir history and introduced hitherto unknown deposits from the Indo -Greek phase. From the archaeological investigations it becomes clear that the Indo -Greek phase at Semthan has seen a considerable change in the social and cultural proliferation as well as a subsistence change from the earlier cultures. Given the fact that the material culture at Semthan reveals a widespread Hellenistic influence, it is true that a recent find of Indo -Greek coins and associated material has put the region into the limelight once again and needs a serious archaeological investigation. This paper makes an attempt to highlight the past and recent sporadic finds from and around the archaeological site of Semthan and puts in perspective the Indo -Greek rule in the northern most Himalayan region of the Kashmir valley
RU
Долина Кашмира является регионом, который был затенен конфликтом на про- тяжении десятилетий и все еще далек от разрешения. На самом деле, кажется, мы наблюдаем его новую фазу, в которой спор распространяется на виртуальное пространство. Историческое и общественное сознание кашмирцев, сформиро- ванное на профессиональном уровне, является важным, если не самым важным элементом, составляющим идентичность мусульман Кашмира. За последние 20 лет местная пресса популяризировала заявления о сохранении традиций и языка или о записи истории, которая, как полагают, ложно представлена в официальном повествовании. Громко говорится о необходимости изменить направление каш- мирского дискурса, который должен основываться на устной истории или других свидетельствах изнутри конфликтной реальности. Повышение интереса к охране уникального синкретического культурного наследия проявляется в различных видах деятельности молодого поколения кашмирцев, как на субконтиненте, так и в диаспоре. В настоящее время основным полем их инициатив на низовом уровне стал Интернет. Обеспечив относительно свободный поток информации и широкий доступ, он стал пространством для построения и поддержания исто- рического сознания народа Кашмира. Веб-сайты, такие как «Затерянная история Кашмира» и «Кашмир Лит», представляют, как современные технологии служат для сохранения памяти. В этой статье я хотел бы кратко представить содержание вышеупомянутых сайтов. Сосредоточив внимание на прозорливой идее их существования, я попытаюсь ответить на вопрос, что составляет историческое сознание современных мусульман Кашмира. Целью данного исследования будет попытка представить трудности, связанные с написанием истории в конфликтных регионах, таких как Кашмир, и подумать об Интернете как о решении этих проблем.
EN
The Valley of Kashimir is a region which has been shaded by the conflict for decades and it is still far from resolution. Actually, it seems we observe its new phase in which the dispute spreads on the virtual space. The historical and social consciousness of the Kashmiris, formed on the occupational background, is a significant if not the most crucial element constituting the Kashmiri Muslim Identity. For last 20 years, local press popularized the claims to preserve tradition and language, or to write down history, which is believed to be presented falsely in the official narration. A need is uttered out loud to change the direction of the Kashmiri discourse which shall be based on oral history or other testimonies from the inside of the conflict reality. The increase in the interest in protecting the unique syncretic cultural heritage is visible in various activities of young generation of Kashmiris, both on the subcontinent and in diaspora. Currently, the main field for their grassroots initiatives became the Internet. By enabling a relatively free flow of information and wide accessibility, it became the space for building and maintaining the historical consciousness of the Kashmiri people. Websites such as “Lost Kashmiri History” and „Kashmir Lit” present how modern technologies serve for the memory preservation. In this paper I would like to present briefly the content of the abovementioned websites. Focusing on the seer idea of their existence, I will try to answer the question what constitutes the historical consciousness of nowadays Kashmiri Muslims. The aim of this research shall be an attempt to present the hardships behind writing about history in conflicted regions such as Kashmir and reflect upon the Internet as a solution to that problems.
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tom 27
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nr 1
189-200
EN
This article is an analysis of the two preserved passages of the work Ἰνδικά by Bardesanes, a Syrian historian, philosopher, poet, and astrologer who lived in the years 154-222 AD. These passages are the account from the meeting of the members of an Indian embassy with the emperor Elegabalus and can be significant for our understanding of contacts between ancient Syria and India, as well as of ancient Indian religious practices. Therefore the purpose of this article is to reconsider a realistic interpretation of these passages by finding a possible identification of the described phenomena (namely, the ordeal of water, the ordeal of door, and a cave in the first passage handed over by Porphyry and Stobaeus, and two groups of Indian ascetics, the Βραχμᾶνες and the Σαμαναῖοι, in the second passage handed over by Porphyry) based on archaeological and textual evidence.
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