Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

IGNORANCE AND OMNISCIENCE

100%

Puczylowski T. A.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2008

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nr 46

27-46

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the Fitch's paradox. The reasoning similar to the Fitch's argument is applied to a concept of belief and thus some observations on the knowledge, beliefs and their boundaries are drawn. Interactions among completeness of knowledge, and of beliefs, omniscience and Fitch's theorem are examined. A few erroneous application of Fitch's argumentation or unsupported conclusion drawn from it are shown.

2

KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH (Wiedza i prawda)

100%

Wolenski J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2009

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tom 45

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nr 3-4

317-325

EN

A fragment of author's original analysis of the concept of knowledge, already presented in numerous publications, is discussed. This analysis forms a base for a dispute over question if semantic theory of truth may be applied to empirical sciences.

3

Historyzm i uprawomocnienie. Alasdaira MacIntyre’a historystyczna koncepcja uprawomocnienia

100%

Roszyk M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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tom 2

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nr 2

61-78

EN

In this paper I argue that MacIntyre’s historicism involves a conception concerning the nature of justiﬁcation, formulated in opposition to ahistorical foundationalism. According to foundationalism justiﬁcation is a matter of an appeal to certain universal and ahistorical principles, constituting the basis of all claims to knowledge. The merit of MacIntyre’s historicism is that it enables one to answer two diﬃculties, insuperable to foundationalism. First, it enables to explain why some basic statements are being treated as justiﬁed even though there exist, in the same area, contending sets of basic statements: justiﬁed basic statements are those which emerge from the history of a given tradition of enquiry as incontestable. Secondly, it allows to explain how we can rationally claim that a certain set of statements is rationally better than others even though they are mutually incommensurable: certain set of statements is better than others, and therefore justiﬁed, if and only if it can resolve diﬃculties insuperable to its rivals and explain both successes and defeats of its rivals.

4

FALZIFIKÁCIA A PARADOX INFERENCIE

80%

Taliga M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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tom 72

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nr 8

593 – 602

EN

The paradox of inference is based on the thesis that inferences cannot be both deductively valid and useful because an inference, in order to be useful, must advance us to a new conclusion, but a deductively valid inference cannot, on principle, do that, since its conclusions are contained in its premises. Falsification is a deductively valid inference as well. Its adherents should therefore respond to the paradox of inference. The paper elaborates on the view that critical, deductively valid arguments, e.g. the falsifying mode of inference modus tollens, do not advance those who use them to new knowledge, yet are useful because they help them to eliminate criticized theories. This view is confronted with the traditional response, according to which deductively valid inferences advance us to subjectively new conclusions and thus extend our subjective knowledge.

5

FITCHŮV PARADOX POZNATELNOSTI A ROZVĚTVNÁ TEORIE TYPŮ

80%

Raclavský J.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr suppl. 1

144 – 165

EN

It is already known that Fitch’s knowability paradox can be solved by typing knowledge within ramified theory of types. One of the aims of this paper is to provide a greater defence of the approach against recently raised criticism. My second goal is to make a sufficient support for an assumption which is needed for this particular application of typing knowledge but which is not inherent to ramified theory of types as such.

6

FORMOVANIE SOCIÁLNEHO POZNANIA V DETSKEJ KULTÚRE

80%

Rybanská V.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 3

263 – 281

EN

The assumption in this research project was that children in the context of their social group form their own rules and hierarchy, and that precisely this hierarchy in the children´s group has the greatest influence on the character and content of the ideas about social groups which are disseminated among children. Fieldwork has confirmed that children´s knowledge is influenced most of all by the structure of the children´s peer group. Apart from cognitive reasons (it is easier to learn from a similar mind) there are also social reasons- children are very social and for them it is important to be a part of the group where they feel comfortable and which they understand.

7

Rola kadry zarządzającej i pracowników w procesie transferu wiedzy na przykładzie organizacji województwa podkarpackiego

80%

Dziura B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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nr 890

137-148

EN

The development of the knowledge-based economy throughout the world has brought about many consequences for organisations operating in Poland. The organisations with the greatest chance of success are those which sell innovative, knowledge-saturated products and services. Survival in the business world requires the sharing and spreading of knowledge; this is to say the transfer of knowledge, the importance of which grows with the number of people a company employs and customers it has. Creating knowledge in an organisation requires the participation of rank and file workers and lower staff, middle-ranking management and managerial staff. The quality of the knowledge they acquire and produce depends on their direct and everyday experiences. Based on a study carried out in the organisations of the Podkarpackie voivodship, the attitude of managerial staff and employees towards sharing knowledge has been evaluated.

8

ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF γνῶθι σαυτόν

80%

Haas A.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2015

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tom 70

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nr 3

202 – 214

EN

The call to “know thyself” is neither a matter of presence and absence to self, nor the necessary or unnecessary possibility or impossibility of self-knowledge ‒ rather it is a problem. And the oracle gives a sign of this problem by implying that which is neither spoken nor concealed. But if implication is the problem of the sign, it is because it suspends the self and the very possibility of self-knowledge.

9

New Epistemology of Jan Srzednicki. Strategy -not a System -'Incompleteness' as a Theoretical Fact

80%

Zurkowska G.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 3(161)

409-430

EN

Although Srzednicki accepts Wittgenstein's critical conclusion concerning traditional epistemology, he claims that Wittgenstein 'failed to identify the reason for this difficulty, and consequently was unable to proceed further'. A completely new perspective is needed to meet his challenge. However, we have to abandon the idea that there is only one single move to do so or that there is a linear (systematic) way of building such a strategy. By building a complex multilevel architecture of reasoning Srzednicki proves that it is possible to deliver a positive answer to the Kantian question : 'how knowledge is possible at all', if and only if we liberate ourselves from traditional unidimensional way of seeing things. The epistemic questions are 'complex' and cannot be answered 'directly' - they require many subtle logical distinctions and 'indirect' treatment.

10

The Function of Language in Cognition

80%

Olech A.

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 2(54)

221-229

EN

The classic theory of knowledge is a theory of cognition concerning itself with propositions and concepts conceived either psychologically or logically. A semantically interpreted theory of cognition is a theory dealing with sentences and other verbal expressions. The author compares these two approaches and asks the question: When is it legitimate to transform a classic theory of knowledge into a semantic theory of knowledge? Or, to put the same problem in a different language: When is it legitimate to abandon logically or psychologically interpreted utterances and replace them with sentences and other linguistically interpreted expressions? Such replacement is tempting because propositions and notions lead to numerous, mostly insoluble, controversies, whereas syntactic and semantic formulations are by and large uncontroversial. It must be conceded, however, that such a replacement is not advisable before it has been shown on what conditions it can be executed without losing legitimacy.

11

Kant and the Problem of Self-Consciousness

80%

Frank M.

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 4(52)

263-274

EN

The point of departure in the paper is the problem of identification of the foundations of knowledge, its beginning and status in modern philosophy (Descartes, Leibniz, Wolff, Hume, Fichte, Chisholm, Shoemaker). The author undertakes an analysis of the position taken by Kant in the context of the problem of transcendental deduction of categories and its fundamental principle - the transcendental unity of apperception. He focuses on the connection between transcendental apperception with pre-predicative existence of pure consciousness and intellectual insight. Kant held that consciousness is a result of the self-referring operation of auto-reflection. This means that self-consciousness is not some kind of knowledge, nor is it any sort of mental content through which it would be possible to identify the subject.

12

KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION POTENTIAL: INTANGIBLE ECONOMIC RESOURCES IN THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 21ST CENTURY

80%

Balcerzak A. P.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2010

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tom 5

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nr 1

90-109

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the changes in importance of the intangible economic factors such as knowledge and level of innovation in relation to the currently observed institutional transformation of the economic system, which leads to development of the 'new global knowledge-based economy'. The article attempts at confronting the theoretical considerations with the empirical data based on the aggregated data for the OECD countries. The paper makes use of the statistical materials collated by the Eurostat and OECD. The analyzed data may suggest that widely treated innovation represents one of the most important elements determining the economic potential.

13

Renewing and New Types of Innovation

80%

Hronszky I. , Fesues A.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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tom 17/30

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nr 1

31-49

EN

This article assesses efforts to develop 'open innovation'. First, open innovation is put in the framework of knowledge society. It is shown that the term open innovation refers to such different cases that it is better to assess them separately. Chesbrough's 'open innovation', the 'lead user' conception, the idea of 'commons-based-peer production' and 'interactive value production' is shortly explored. 'Incertitude' is overviewed as basic background that urges societal praxis to turn to open innovation. At the end the article, referring to an expert material worked out for the EC DG Research, called with abbreviation TEKSS, turns interest to extending open innovation by integrating concerned groups as innovation partners as engagement, i.e. as partners through the whole innovation process.

14

Znalost pomístních jmen v Rosicích

80%

Ireinová M.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 1

247-268

EN

Knowledge of Anoikonyms (Minor Place Names) in Rosice Within an extensive research of anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia, the anoikonyms from Rosice were collected. The article presents results of investigation carried on among 17 representatives of all generations of the residents of Rosice in the autumn of 2009. The aim was to ascertain whether the anoikonyms recorded in 1965 are still (in 2009) known and actively used. The representatives of the oldest generation acknowledged the familiarity of the largest number of anoikonyms, whereas the representatives of the youngest generation knew only a few of them (in some cases they use a certain anoikonym for a different object than in 1965, see e. g. anoikonyms Rocochác, Štepnice, U Svaté Trojice).

15

TEMPORAL ASPECT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

80%

Surowik D.

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2009

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nr 17(30)

7-12

EN

In the information society, there exists an irresistible need, one may even say a necessity, to acquire and comprehend knowledge. Equipped with a sufficient level of knowledge and defined rules of inference, we are able to undertake specific decisions. In order to attain better representation and exploration of the ever expanding knowledge resources and to undertake appropriate decisions, we create constantly improved means of representing knowledge and enhanced methods of modelling situations for the real world. The language of classical logic is an appropriate tool for the formal description of statistical incidents. Incidents taking place in time require a novelapproach. The power of expression, enabling a formal description of the time component, is made possible by the language of temporal logic.

16

Miniature Dialectics in Plato's 'Theatetus'

80%

Pasterczyk P.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 1(61)

33-47

EN

The author raises the question about philosophical importance of a well known excerpt of the dialogue 'Teaetetus' which contains 'Socrates' dream' ('Teaitetus' 201d 12 – 206b 12). The prevailing interpretation of this dream is that some forms of immediate and intuitive insight into reality defy objective understanding (Gillespie, Hicken and Burnyeat) or that they resist scinetific analysis (Morow). The author argues that these readings are incorrect and proposes the view that the dream in the 'Teaitetus' is analogous to Plato's treatment of dialectics in the 'Parmenides' and the 'Sophist'. He contends that the theme of dialectics is characteristic for Plato's late dialogues.This interpretation is supported by considering what is knowledge 'per se' - a dialectical question, in the sense of dialectic expounded in the 6th and the 7th book of the Republic. The 'Teaetetus' does not provide an answer to this question, and the dialogue ends in a aporia for which neither Socrates, a philosopher who is accustomed to strict analysis, nor Teaetetus, who is a young matematician, can find a way out. This can be interpreted as an indication that knowledge must be understood dialecticaly, or as an ouitcome of a debate, and as such it cannot be presented clearly and distinctly in any other form but a dream.

17

ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BERKELEIAN DEFINITION OF 'EXISTENCE'

80%

Szalek P. K.

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2009

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nr 15(28)

145-159

EN

The paper seeks an interpretation of Berkeley's metaphysics, which is characterised in terms of an attempt to formulate a kind of ontology of the existence. Although essential, this existential aspect of Berkeleian thought is surprisingly neglected by commentators, presumably due to the dominant epistemological tendency in the interpretation of his philosophy. The aim of the paper is an attempt to fill the above lack in the scholarship on Berkeley's philosophy.

18

The significance of knowledge and self-knowledge in the decision making processes of adolescents and adults (The review of Polish research)

80%

Czerwinska-Jasiewicz M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2005

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tom 36

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nr 3

144-148

EN

This paper presents the issue of significance of knowledge and self-knowledge in the decision making processes of adults and adolescents. Knowledge is the foundation of every decision a person takes. It may be called the 'building material' which decisions are made from (Bross 1965). Knowledge has a regulatory role in decision making processes, influencing a persons actions. This study presented the following issues: 1) Knowledge as a reproductive and generative system (Tomaszewski 1976), 2) The significance of knowledge in decision making processes, mostly in theory discourse concerning the role of information in decision making processes (Bross 1965, Kozielecki 1975, 1992, Tyszka 1986), 3) Analysis of sample research on the significance of knowledge and self-knowledge of a person in decision making processes (Kozielecki 1975, Tyszka 1986, Walesa 1977, Biela 1976, Goszczynska 1977, 1997, Czerwinska-Jasiewicz 1977, 1997). On the basis of the theory presented as well as a detailed analysis of the test results, one can confirm the significance of knowledge and self-knowledge in the process of decision making by a person. Both knowledge of the world and self-knowledge has a regulatory function in this process, influencing a person's actions (their functioning and concrete actions).

19

Klaster jako forma organizacyjna współpracy gospodarczej opartej na wiedzy

80%

Łukasik P. , Potocki A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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nr 871

45-57

EN

This article describes the role of clusters in knowledge sharing. It presents a general theory of clusters including a definition, types of clusters, and ways of setting them up. The main part of the article concentrates on: – the knowledge creation process in a cluster, described using SECI model, – cluster typology.The article is based on the study of both Polish and foreign literature.

20

Wiedzieć - zdobywanie wiedzy przez nauczyciela religii i katechetę. W kierunku formacji intelektualnej

80%

Stala J.

Polonia Sacra

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2011

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nr 29(73)

307-320

EN

The religion teacher and catechist must constantly expand his knowledge and expertise. Further training in the intellectual area leads to full understanding of a message which religion teacher and catechist is to communicate and contributes to understanding the recipient of the message and the social context in which he lives. In order to best fulfill this responsibility, especially in modern times, the religion teacher and catechist needs solid education, which should take into account and harmoniously integrate being, knowledge and skill. These are the areas of life of the religion teacher and catechist which he must continue to improve to preserve what is special in its identity and mission. Therefore, the article attempts to clarify the issue of "to know" that is, questions about the acquisition of knowledge by the teacher of religion and catechist and to explore the current state of intellectual formation. This applies to what the religion teacher and catechist must know in order to perform his duties well. Therefore, the article shows intellectual formation of the religion teacher and catechist, especially in the biblical, ecclesial, liturgical and existential-cultural dimension.