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Interdiecézní soudy na území ČR

100%

Menke M.

Studia theologica

2014

tom 2

38-50

In this article I first outline the general issues and the legal foundation of the Interdiocesan church courts which were founded in the 20th century as a legal instrument for the accessible exercise of the judicial power of the Church. I then deal with issues related to the activities of such courts in the Czech Republic. Both courts were created due to the lack of competent judges available to fulfil the staffing needs of first instance courts in each diocese, as canon law dictates. The Interdiocesan church tribunal Prague was founded in 1982 with its activity lasting until 2009 when the newly established diocesan courts in Hradec Králové, Plzeň and Prague became Metropolitan courts for the diocese of Prague, České Budějovice and Litoměřice. The Interdiocesan church tribunal Olomouc was established in 1997 for the diocese of Olomouc, Ostrava and Opava and has continued up to the present time.

Výkon soudní moci v olomoucké arcidiecézi v letech 1917–1948

84%

Menke M.

Studia theologica

2013

tom 15

nr 4

87-102

This article deals with issues related to the activities of the ecclesiastical court in Olomouc in the canonic-legal, historical, religious-political context over the years 1917–1948. The Ecclesiastical Court is the institution through which the diocesan bishop (in this case, the Archbishop of Olomouc) habitually carries out his judicial power. Judicial power is this part of the power of governance in the Church by which the rights of physical or juridic persons are vindicated, juridic facts are declared and the penalty for delicts are imposed or declared. The judicial power, which judges judicial trials, must therefore be exercised in the manner prescribed by the law. The most frequent causes, which are decided by the ecclesiastical court of the diocese, consist of marriage trials. The Church court of Olomouc underwent numerous changes over the period of its existence which reflected not only the legislative changes in the Church, but also the actual situation within the Bohemian and Moravian Church at this time. The article summarizes not only the execution of the judicial power of the Church in general, but also the personal situation at the court. Tracing the individual types of the cases is more difficult because many archival materials have not been preserved.

100 lat definiowania polskiego modelu „separacji” władzy sądowniczej

67%

Jabłoński M.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

2021

nr 4 (62)

119-151

The subject of the study is an analysis of over a hundred years of practice defining the role and political position of courts in Poland. The verification will be subject to compliance in the practice of exercising power not only with constitutional provisions (or indicating the reasons and consequences of their omission), but also with other regulations that accompany the creation and application of specific legal solutions in the context of guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary. At the same time, the assessment of the adopted solutions in terms of respect for the standards developed by international bodies for the protection of individual freedoms and rights and EU bodies was taken into account.

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza ponad stu letniej praktyki definiowania roli i pozycji ustrojowej sądów w Polsce. Weryfikacji poddane zostanie poszanowanie w praktyce sprawowania władzy nie tylko postanowień konstytucyjnych (lub wskazanie przyczyn i konsekwencji ich pominięcia), ale i inne regulacje, które towarzyszą kreowaniu i stosowania konkretnych rozwiązań prawnych w kontekście zagwarantowania niezależności sądownictwa. Jednocześnie uwzględniona została ocena przyjmowanych rozwiązań pod kątem respektowania standardów wypracowanych przez międzynarodowe organy ochrony wolności i praw jednostki i organy UE.