Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Hledání Jana Patočky

100%

Kohák E.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 6

909-918

EN

Starting from studies included in Jan Patočka and the Heritage of Phenomenology, the author unfolds the thesis that Patočka was fundamentally a thinker in the tradition of the Enlightenment and of the Czech humanist revival. According to the author, Patočka sets out from Husserl’s phenomenology (in the spirit of Austrian positivism), deals with Heidegger’s objections (in the spirit of German idealism), and forges his own synthesis (in the spirit of French phenomenological vitalism). The author considers Patočka’s nihilistic phase, between the heartbreak of the Soviet occupation and the hope of Charta 77, as an extreme attempt to keep faith with the hopes of the Enlightenment in an age that offered no hope.

2

Jan Patočka: filosof jako svědomí svého národa

100%

Biemel W.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2008

|

tom 56

|

nr 3

331-343

EN

The first part of the article is an interpretation of Patočka’s philosophy of history, with an emphasis on the essential connection of philosophy and a politics founding a new, historical life-form. The task of the philosopher, the model of whom is Socrates, is to question the sense of the world as hitherto given. The basic possibility of the historical person is, then, the possibility of freedom, liberation from being bound to life, and the assumption of responsibility for one’s own existence. In the modern world, however, determined as it is by the supremacy of the natural sciences, a loss of sense has taken place and there is a paradoxical return to pre-history. In the second part of the article the author concerns himself with Patočka’s reflections on Czech history arising from his philosophy of history, and with the personal relation of the philosopher Jan Patočka to his nation. The author emphasises, above all, Patočka’s distinction between the “little” and the “great histories”, that is between the historical epochs of the Hussites and the United Brethren, when the Czech nation showed it was able to take responsibility for universal ideas and its own existence, and the later and contemporary epochs when, out of fear for its own existence, it gave up freedom and its own responsibility. The author, in this connection, emphasises the urgency of the actualisation of the Hegelian dialectic of “lord and bondsman”, which Patočka’s considerations also point to, and highlights Patočka’s linking of philosophy and personal engagement in the spirit of Socrates.

3

Consolation at Night: Jan Patočka and his Correspondence with Comeniologists

80%

Mout N.

Acta Comeniana (International review of Comenius studies and early modern intellectual history)

|

2013

|

tom 27

175-187

EN

Jan Patočka (1907–1977) approached Johannes Amos Comenius as a fellow-philosopher, while admiring him also for his intellectual and moral steadfastness. He studied Comenius as a philosopher from the thirties onwards, stressing the latter's unique position in the history of Czech and European thought. Patočka's many Comeniological publications were analysed and highly appreciated by fellow-Comeniologists. In the first volume, containing correspondence with Czech friends and colleagues, letters start in the early thirties, but Comeniology, including the vicissitudes surrounding the edition of Comenius's complete works, come to the fore from the late fifties onwards. Correspondents include friends and colleagues such as Josef Brambora and Antonín Škarka and a few older colleagues. A large number of letters was exchanged with Comenius's biographer Milada Blekastad and with the young philosopher Stanislav Sousedík. The second volume comprises letters exchanged with only a few foreign correspondents: next to the Ukrainian scholar Dmytro Čyževskyj and the French colleague Marcelle Denis, a personal friend of Patočka's, the greater part of the volume is filled with letters to and from the German scholar and personal friend Klaus Schaller. These two volumes add much to our understanding of Patočka's nearly lifelong and profound interest in Comenius's thought. The intellectual acumen and constant engagement reflected in these letters must have meant much to Patočka and his Comeniological correspondents in and outside Czechoslovakia. Maybe these exchanges of letters brought some light and consolation even in the darkest of times.

4

Realismus a moralismus v díle Emanuela Rádla

70%

Hejduk T.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 3

387-402

EN

An analysis of Rádl’s Útěcha z filosofie (The Consolation of Philosophy) reveals it to be a work in which Rádl, ailing and overcome by events, resorts to mere moralising. It is my view that, even here, he maintains the full dynamic unity of wordly reality, which governs life itself, and abstract morality, which is supported by philosophical theories and systems. Despite the fact that many theses and concepts in the Consolation give the impression of a stereotypical moralising of life (“The Moral Order”), we always find in the text, alongside these themes, counterbalancing realist theses (life itself, the individual). I understand this balance between a concrete and a moral approach to human life as the principle reason for treating Rádl as closer to Socrates than to Plato (on the basis of the conception of the difference between Socrates and Plato in “Eternity and Historicity”, I take issue with Patočka’s “Platonic” interpretation of Rádl).

5

God in Question: Questioning as a Prerequisite for Theology

70%

Kočí M.

Acta Universitatis Carolinae Theologica

|

2014

|

tom 4

|

nr 1

51-66

EN

There are questions that are so important that it is a pity to spoil them with answers. No doubt, the question of God is one of them. Contrary to many presuppositions, theology is not capable of providing us with the final answers in this respect. On the contrary, theology professed as fides quaerens intellectum is an ongoing struggle with questions. Modernity interrupted this paradigm of theological questioning. Theology was withdrawn from the realm of understanding and shifted to the realm of explanation. Modernity brought the univocalization of God. Nonetheless, the attempts to tackle the question of God lead to hegemonic narratives about God. Such narratives are rightly criticized in a postmodern context for their totalizing pretensions. The problem of postmodern criticism is its one-sided emphasis on the apophatic dimension of theological discourse. I propose that theology can go a step further beyond postmodernity. In order to do so, I deal with the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka, who provides an opportunity to rethink God from the perspective of questioning in a new way. Patočka’s insistence on problematicity is the main reading key of his work. In this line of though, I interpret Patočka’s student Tomáš Halík and his thesis about the necessity to take the metaphor of an unknown God into account. I argue that theology must avoid the temptation to remove God from the question and make a well-known God of him. The time has come for theologians to turn their answers back into questions and dwell with them.

6

Nitro a záhada hyletické vrstvy : Poznámky k Patočkovým analýzám těla, zejména ze čtyřicátých let

60%

Ritter M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 7, Special No: Fenomenologie tělesnosti

81-97

EN

On the one hand, the present paper pursues transformations of Jan Patočka’s approach to the body and corporeality and tries to pinpoint its problematic aspects. The more essential and detailed part of the text presents a systematic interpretation of sketchy analyses of corporeality, as they appear in Patočka’s wartime manuscripts methodically based on transcendental phenomenology. Special attention is paid to Jan Patočka’s considerations on the sensory perception, and also to his more speculative ideas inspired by these reflections. In this context, we concentrate on the problem of the so called „hyletic stratum“. In the final part of the paper, we ask the question whether the sensible phenomenon of “expression”, and the considerations on the corporeal character of our existence in general, do not force us to abandon the way of thinking in substantial categories or, to be more precise, to abandon the idea of substantial “being for itself” independent on the being in relations with others.

7

Patočka a Foucault: starosť o dušu a starosť o seba

60%

Suvák V.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

887-910

EN

The article deals with two influential interpretations of the Greek approach to care (epimeleia) in the work of Jan Patočka and Michel Foucault. At first sight, it seems that Foucault’s concept of care for the self (epimleia heautú) is in opposition to Patočka’s concept of care for the soul (epimeleia tés psychés). However, on a closer reading we find that both accounts arrive at the same conclusion. We can see this, for example, in the interpretation of Plato’s dialogue Laches which both authors put into the context of the way of life. In the following part of the article attention is paid to the development of Patočka’s understanding of care for the soul, and his approach to the philosophy of history. It is shown that Foucault’s approach to history is in many ways in opposition to Patočka’s. However, in spite of the different approaches to history, both authors problematize Greek care as an important theme of western culture and, against that background, they emphasise the therapeutic task of contemporary philosophy.

8

Vydávání a interpretace Patočkovy pozůstalosti: Pokus o znovuotevření diskuse

60%

Homolka J.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

941-955

EN

This discussion study has the aim of reopening the debate about the publishing and interpreting of the work of the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907–1977). The piece is divided into three inter-related steps: 1) Firstly, attention is paid to the specific character of Patočka‘s nachlass, most of which was originally preserved only in manuscript form and which is broken up into several thematic areas. 2) Next, the piece examines the extended endeavour to work on the nachlass and to publish it. Special attention is given here to the Czech edition of Patočka’s Collected Writings, which have not yet been completed, and around which there have developed a series of stormy discussions. 3) In connection with this, it is argued that those who wish to interpret Patočka’s work in their own way face similar problems to the ones faced by the editors of the Collected Writings. The piece shows, at this point, that the problems associated both with the publication and with the interpretation of Patočka’s work stem from the very specific character of Patočka’s nachlass. So if we wish to find our orientation in Patočka’s extensive work, and to understand it, it will be necessary to take account of all the personal, socio-political and intellectual contexts in which it arose. In conclusion, therefore, the piece calls for a thorough and complex treatment of Patočka’s biography – work which should not be only a matter for philosophers, as hitherto, however, but also for historians.

9

Koncept hlubší korelace životní v raných rukopisech Jana Patočky

60%

Novotný K.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

833-853

EN

The recently published manuscript studies and fragments by Jan Patočka, dating from the first half of the 1940’s, amount to an attempt at grasping the deeper living correlation, rather than the correlation of consciousness and its objects at the level of the subject- or of dwelling-centred strata of experiencing or understanding. The turn to the identity of “the double indifference of subject and object”, whose evidence is the sensory harmony between the feeling and the felt, which is interpreted as a mutual communication of the interiority of life by means of its expressions, confronts Patočka with the question of the origin of their differentiation. Patočka founds the identity and difference enabling the deeper living correlation on his metaphysical conception of nature which is not, now, just one of the horizons which experiencing creates around itself, nor is it just the basis on which the harmony of experiencing and its environment must develop, but nature also has an aspect which is closed and alien to subjectivity. This is a step beyond the bounds of Husserl’s and Heidegger’s schemes of a correlation of life and world, understanding and being – a step that throws a certain amount of light on Patočka’s later work.

10

Distance od jsoucna, poslání ke jsoucnu : K Patočkovu negativnímu platonismu a některým jeho interpretacím

60%

Frei J.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

873-886

EN

This article focuses on Patočka’s conception of “negative Platonism”; it proceeds from Patočka’s study of the same name and looks to several other texts which have originated in connection with that study. First of all, it offers a brief résumé of the key points of Patočka’s conception (the experience of freedom, the conception of idea, the relation between idea and objecthood). Next, it summarises and comments on the main thoughts of Rezek’s, Kouba‘s and Hejdánek’s reflections and critiques of the conception (with a look at some other interpretations). With their help, the inner contradiction of Patočka’s conception is demonstrated, in which idea should remain purely negative, and yet be a calling to the world, enabling true discourse about beings. In conclusion the author of the paper puts forward the suggestion that it was this contradictory nature that led Patočka to abandon his “negative Platonism”.

11

Průniky absolutna : Vztah konečna a nekonečna v Patočkově filosofii

51%

Ritter M.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

911-923

EN

This study analyses Patočka’s conception of the relation between the finite human being and the infinite, or rather, various conceptions of this relation which also imply different understandings of what the finite human being and the infinite consist in. The key theme becomes the different possibilities of interpreting Patočka’s early thesis stating that “the absolute is not outside us but in us”. The late Patočka explicitly dismisses the idea that the finite human being can discover the infinite in itself and that this “discovery” requires turning away from the world. The infinite can be realised only by a loving relating to others irreducible to a collective “service to being”. The present interpretation aims to reinterpret true love as a movement which turns to others in their concrete (affective) situation of (present) praxis. It is through this movement that the finite human being lives in the infinite.

12

Duchovní základy nadcivilizace

51%

Učník Ľ.

|

tom 65

|

nr 6

925-939

EN

In this paper, I propose to return to Jan Patočka’s question from 1970 and ask again what the spiritual foundations of life are in our times, to reflect on the changes in modern societies after the turn to what we now call neoliberalism. My claim is that Patočka’s analyses concerning the turn to scientific rationality is now a defining feature of our times that ‘colours’ the whole of our understanding. According to Patočka, these changes started with the turn to modern science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, slowly changing our thinking, framing it through the ideas of formalisation and subjectivity that we simply and unquestioningly accept. I will extend Patočka’s analysis of ‘rational Supercivilisation’ to argue that its ‘radical’ version now defines our present. The outcome is the privileging of formalised rationality that undermines other forms of reasoning, whereby human ‘subjective’ meaning becomes homeless.