The article is an attempt to analyse the tabloid phenomenon from the perspective of D.C. Halin and P. Mancini's theory of three media systems. These types of newspapers emerged in liberal media systems (USA and the United Kingdom), but as early as in the second half of the 20th century, during a period of intense privatisation and commercialisation of the media this type of journalism also emerged in the democratic corporatism model, where many popular newspapers began turning into tabloids. This was also where we could see the emergence of new titles which today set the conventions of tabloid journalism (e.g. Bild, The Sun, Verdens Gang). Today, tabloids are present in every democratic country in the world with the exception of the Mediterranean countries, where their function seems to be performed by sports newspapers. They flourish in Japan, Canada, Australia or New Zealand. After 1989 new markets also emerged in Central Europe. Media groups which had limited investment opportunities in their own countries were quick to take advantage of that. Tabloid publishers – the Swiss Ringier and the German Axel Springer – did not miss this opportunity either. The former chose small markets similar to Switzerland, while the latter decided to risk a tabloid on the Polish market. Both publishers have been hugely successful. Today in countries with low readership level, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary or Romania, tabloids have become a permanent feature of their media systems, while tabloid journalism sets general standards in the media.
The article is focused on explanation of Slovak terms “journalism” and “publicistics“ and points out the diverse understanding of these terms from different conceptual theories – theories of journalism (or media theory) and theories of stylistics. The article is focused on the journalism – politics – media relationship and their interconnections. Journalism, that brings new information about political life and political events every day, is determined by political environment. The relationship between journalism, media and politics is interconnected – journalists and media need politicians as an important source of information. Politicians consider journalists and media as an important way of communication with public and as a “key players” of public opinion shaping.
The article refers to forming the genre of reportage in the 19th century, pointing at its strict connectioin with the literature of that time. The process of the genre reconstruction is hindered, on the one hand, by the morphological openness of the form related to the types of expression which appeared in the press (letter, report, journey description, feuilleton, article) as well as in belles-lettres (novella, story), on the other hand, not high opinion of a reporter’s work, usually associated with sensation and chase after novelties. Despite these hindrances Polish literature notes in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century a number of splendid models of report writing, from J.I. Kraszewski, through Sienkiewicz, Reymont or Korczak, today perceived as an important stage of forming the modern interest in documentary writing.
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The liberal-democratic weekly Pritomnost played a very important role among the Czechoslovak periodicals during the existence of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It helped shape the spiritual and political atmosphere in the country. Its focus could not avoid the relations between Czechs and Slovaks, whose coexistence constituted the main axis of political stability in the new state. From the very beginning these relations were complicated by the idea of 'Czechoslovak Nation' that was intended to compensate for the absence of a 'state-forming nation'. Being weaker partners, the Slovaks viewed this concept as a discriminating factor and felt a need to preserve their national identity. A debate on different aspects of this ideological construction started on the pages of the above weekly. Heavy polemic focused on the notion of what was called 'Czechoslovak language', formally including both Czech and Slovak. However, the whole complex of Czecho-Slovak relations failed to be solved, and in the 1930s the debate on the idea of common Czechoslovak State was pushed into the background by a stronger struggle of the Slovak side for Slovakia's autonomy. Research into the debate may help us better learn the character of the First Czechoslovak Republic as an important stage in the evolution of Czech and Slovak society.
A journalist should always try to claim responsibility for his/her work. The present paper is an attempt to inspect their work in order to indicate at least some of the dimensions towards which a journalist should feel responsible. Analysis of a journalist’s responsibility seems to be essential at a time when the media are exerting bigger and bigger influence upon the contemporary man, very frequently replacing interpersonal relations, family relations included.
With the help of reading the second volume of the memoirs titled Kade-tade po Halinde. Neveselé spomienky na veselé roky. /All around Halinda. Cheerless Memories of Cheerful Years/ written by Milo Urban and published as late as in 1992, the paper reveals the publishing environment which the author entered at the very beginning of his literary and journalistic career. It is set within the period between his first articles in magazines and the year when his novel Živý bič (The Living Whip, 1927) was published. The article is therefore dominated by the references to several interwar periodicals – dailies Slovák and Slovenský národ, as well as the students´ magazine Vatra. This is also why the scope and variety of Urban´s bibliography within the period in question are so surprisingly wide. In this paper special attention is also paid to the author´s attitude to politics and ideologies, which he dissociates from in his memoirs.
The present study is a way of contemplating about the forms of the author´s subject who occurs differently in memoirs, fiction and journalism written by Slovak prose writer Milo Urban. What stands out here is creating different images of the creator. In the first case it is the recalling subject present in the second book of Urban´s memoirs Kade-tade po Halinde. Neveselé spomienky na veselé roky (All around Halinda. Cheerless Memories of Cheerful Years, 1992). Similar features can be found in the image of the author´s subject of the prose Živý bič (The Living Whip, 1927). It includes the author´s memories of the First World War organized in a literary way. These images are confronted with the author´s subject presented in Urban´s magazine and newspaper articles. This is where the progression of the author´s journalism career is revealed as its ideological aspects only show later when he becomes the editor-in-chief of the daily Gardista. The outcome of the analysis of the different ways of Milo Urban´s writing is ambivalence of the author´s subject depicted by him.
The article discusses changes in Warsaw's cultural press using the example of the weekly 'Tygodnik Ilustrowany'. In 1905-1906, periodicals were published irregularly and were busy battling with preventive censorship. Journalists, literary critics and men of culture had to face new social problems resulting from the continuous expansion of socialist ideology. Articles by Jankowski, Prus and Reymont provide evidence of the uncertainties experienced by the Kingdom of Poland's cultural elites in the new reality.
The article discusses the state and outlook of research on the Pomeranian press of the period 1848-1939. It draws attention to the need for a complete bibliography and a synthesis of the history of the region's press. It also discusses problems faced by researchers and the need for them to share with each other their knowledge of the history of the Pomeranian press.
This paper is answering the question, whether it is possible to determine Karol Wojtyła with name of the journalist, on the basis of his long-term cooperation around with „Universal Weekly” and with „Sign”? Karol Wojtyła’s journalist’s artistic work esulted in 230 articles (cooperation with „Tygodnik Powszechny” and „Znak”) which appeared in 1949–1978 years on pages of both writings. Out of them, only the part of works is representing determined journalistic kinds and he constitutes the direct research source material. Rema-ining articles let in the indirect way establish, on what – according to Karol Wojtyła – a formation of the Catholic journalist should be like. This scientific paper has proven that Wojtyła was a journalist since 1949 and that, as a result of being the „religious supervisor”. He cooperated with this catholic paper as a bishop, archbishop and cardinal. Wojtyła wanted it to be a newspaper for all catholics who could rediscover Church as well as themselves in it.
Janina Ipohorska, aka Jan Kamyczek, Alojzy Kaczanowski, Bracia Rojek, born 15 August 1914 in Lvov, died 19 September 1981 in Rabka. Painter, journalist, co-founder of 'Przekroj' weekly and author of the column Demokratyczny savoir-vivre [Democratic savoir-vivre], published in 1956 as a how-to book under the title Grzecznosc na co dzien [Everyday politeness]. The screenwriter of the first Polish criminal TV series Kapitan Sowa na tropie [Captain Sowa on the trail].
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This study summarizes the outlets for publication in the period of changes to publishing legislation between 1849-1852. In particular, this study analyses Václav Frost‘s title Truth will out (Jen s pravdou ven) designed especially for the rural readers and it thus deepens contemporary understanding of readership strategies at the beginnings of Neo-absolutism. The principal attention is devoted both to religious issues (among others a polemic on Eugène Sue’s The Wandering Jew), and social and political matters (such as a discussion on Karel Havlíček’s views in his journal Slovan). This publication also reflects many other matters, for example certain stereotypes in the populace’s views, the importance of theatre in Czech society in the middle of the 19th century, but also a „popular“ reflection of academic works (such as the works by František Palacký).
The interview presents Professor Andrej Tušer’s opinions on various topics related to journalistic genres and issues modern journalism has to face, with emphasis on the press. Particular attention is paid to addressing the opportunities for independent journalism and the freedom of expression in the current socio-political situation, as well as to the impact of journalism on politicians and their behaviour. His perspectives on the rapidly changing conditions within journalism, contemporary methods of media production, competences of journalists in the age of multi-platform journalism and the development of the Internet and online journalism are also included. Professor Tušer’s practical experience and theoretical expertise are reflected in a range of concepts concerning theoretical issues of journalistic production – including the meaning of genres in contemporary journalism and the position of regional and local print media. The given responses function as thorough, important and critical reflections of this patriarch of Slovak print journalism and journalism theory on the development and the current state of discursive journalism issues in connection with dynamic socio-political and technological transformations.
Polish editors of the Pomeranian press in 1848-1914 were frequently changing places of employment, moving from the Gdansk Pomerania to Upper Silesia, Warmia and Masuria, Westphalia and Rhine and the Grand Duchy of Posen. The vacancies left by these peregrinating editors in West Prussia were in turn filled by journalists from Greater Poland
New technologies give local journalists the opportunity to extend their agenda, adding the international context; however, for community participation it is crucial to be informed about the closest environment. Several Ukrainian local news sites in the situation of political instability and military conflict increase the number of news items about international/national issues, whereas a majority of others covers predominantly city/ regional events. On the basis of content analysis, news geography of two leading news sites of two Ukrainian cities Lviv and Odesa are studied and two types of local sites are discovered: local (with a high priority given to the local news) and non-local (with a priority placed on the international and national news). A clear correlation between the number of texts and exclusivity of news sources can be seen. Exclusivity is higher on the sites which see the local news items as their priority; however, quality of news remains problematic for both types. Readers are provided with a lot of unchecked and unbalanced content. As a result, functions of community integration and participation cannot be fulfilled properly by the local media, and defining other additional tools for civic engagement becomes a significant task.
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