Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

HENRYK GRYNBERG'S QUESTIONS TO GOD

100%

Buryla S.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 4(391)

45-60

EN

The article presents one of the most crucial Polish writers raising the subject of Jewish Holocaust. The question of theodicy is analyzed here in particular. The author reconstructs the most essential questions and doubts Henryk Grynberg asks God in his works. They are all based on the philosophy and religion of Judaism. Although there are numerous Grynberg's poems which seem to deny theodicy (e.g. 'Rodowód'), the poet does not throw away faith in God. He assumes that after Auschwitz it is still better to trust the Creator than man.

2

THE CONCEALED HOME (Dom ukryty)

100%

Paulsson S. G.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2010

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tom 64

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nr 2-3(289-290)

78-83

EN

The author considers problems developed in his Secret City: the Hidden Jews of Warsaw, 1940-1945. Here, the question of the home mingles with the biography of the author and his mother.

3

Směr Nisko nad Sanem: první organizované deportace Židů z Vídně

100%

Dvořák J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2012

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tom 3

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nr 1

44-57

XX

This article deals with first organized deportation of Viennese Jews during the Second Word War. Two of Jewish transports which in October 1939 left for Nisko upon San, became a part of first deportation action of European Jews in the history of Holocaust. In the beginning the article mentions an outline of the most important extant archive documents and literature related to this theme. Another parts deal with details of departure of these transports. The reasons of the Vienna Jews’ deportation, the preparation and the course of these transports are described here. A description of events after the arrival of these Jews to Nisko upon San follows. Only a small part of these men was taken for a work in a concentration camp in Zarzecze, whilst the others were expelled to the places nearby the new German-Soviet border. Throughout the following years most of these men ended up in the German or Russian concentration camps, where most of them died. The article also contains some interesting memories of Jews who survived all hardships during the Second World War.

4

THE JEWISH POPULATION AS A FACTOR IN THE HISTORY OF THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS IN WROCLAW UP TILL THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY (Zydzi jako czynnik procesów modernizacyjnych w dziejach Wroclawia do poczatku XIX wieku)

100%

Ziatkowski L.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

285-295

EN

Thomas Nipperdey formulated a set of modernization features that became generally accepted in modern research of the history of Jewish communities, as distinctive attributes of the passing from 'ghetto' community to the post-emancipation society. A process of demographic revolution, elimination of illiteracy and secularization and replacing the old religious elite by 'new' intellectual elite unfolded in Wroclaw considerably earlier than, generally, within the Christian community of Europe. In the earliest period (early Piast dynasty) the presence of Jews in Wroclaw brought new laws that formalized their special status as a separated part of population. Perhaps, it was an example or a model for future solutions during so called 'colonization on the German law' or during forming the feudal system in Silesia. The Jewish community within the feudal system was treated specifically. Their position required a detailed description and, in consequence, brought new legislation. Peddling by Jews caused malfunctioning of a regulated economic system in the Middle Ages and early modern times. They were accused of unfair competition. It led to persecution and expulsion. Finally they became useful in forming modern state structures as court factors who attracted the capital and distributed lots of commodities produced in workshops. Another important factor was that the former model of building community feeling on religion became extinct, and that led to secularization of the social life. These two factors - elimination of remains of a feudal economy and secularization - constituted the main leitmotiv of European changes in 19th century. As for the beginning of 20th century, the activity of Jews in Wroclaw still requires further research on three levels proposed by Slezkine - communism (the Left), freudianism and zionism.

5

“Consensual Dictatorship” (Zustimmungsdiktatur) And “Community Of The People” (Volksgemeinschaft). Some Reflections On The Interaction Between Nazi State And German Society In The Persecution Of The Jews After 1933

100%

Bajohr F.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

521-526

EN

The persecution of the Jews in Nazi Germany after 1933 cannot solely be explained as a political process implemented by the state and the Nazi Party. The exclusion and isolation of Jews in particular was also part of a social process, characterized by a close interaction between the Nazi dictatorship and German society: A process into which the German population was involved actively. Therefore it is not enough to analyze the attitudes of the German population toward the ongoing persecution; the participation of non -Jewish Germans in this process involved actions as well. My following remarks focus on this interaction and the main factors responsible for it.

6

Julius Cassianus, Pseudo-Thallus, and the Identity of ‘Cassius Longinus’ in the Chronogaraphia of Eusebius

100%

Kokkinos N.

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EN

Eusebius' Chronika was a remarkable achievement in the field of ancient chronography, not least as the conclusion of extensive research running since the beginning of the Hellenistic period. It was a double work, composed some time before AD 311 and expanded shortly after AD 325. The first part, now usually called Chronographia, was a detailed introduction, aiming at collecting the raw material from all sources then available, and setting out the plan of the project. The second part, known as Kanones (Chronikoi Kanones), which carried its own preface, was a grand exposition (utilising the data of the first part) in the form of a table consisting of up to nine parallel columns to be read across, thus presenting a synchronistic universal history at a glance.1 Only fragments survive of the Greek original, primarily in George the Syncellus (ca. AD 800) and an anonymous excerptor (known as 'Excerpta Eusebiana' from a MS of the 15th century AD). But we have a nearly complete Armenian translation (earliest copy ca. 13th century AD), a Latin translation of the second part by Jerome (with his own preface and extended to AD 380/1), as well as two Syriac epitomes, one of which is believed to have been compiled by Joshua the Stylite (8th century AD), and other witnesses including two very early Arab chroniclers, one being Agapius of Hierapolis, ca. AD 942.

7

THE IRISH AND JEWS: AMERICANIZATION IN THE STREETS AND ON STAGE

100%

Barrett J.

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2009

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tom 35

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nr 3(133)

EN

Focusing on relations between two American ethnic groups which would seem not to have much in common, the Irish and the Jews, the essay explores a process of immigrant acculturation in the streets, through the city political machine, on the vaudeville stage, and in the music and performance between 1900 and the 1930s. Although Ireland was generally thought to be a tolerant society with regard to Jews, Irish American urban communities were often characterized by a degree of anti-Semitism. Irish gangs sometimes attacked Jews in the streets and some of the popular culture representations of the Jew propagated by Irish performers were derogatory. The Tammany machine in New York integrated Jews in an effort to hold their power base in the city, though anti-Semitism resurfaced among the Irish in the face of the Great Depression. Yet both vaudeville in the early twentieth century and the Tin Pan Alley music and films of the World War One era and the 1920s depicted sympathy, attraction, and even romantic love between the two groups. Relations between the two groups suggest the full range of possibilities - from violent confrontation in the streets to political competition and cooperation, from fictional representations of one another on stage and in song to romantic love and intermarriage. In their complexity and uneven quality, these relations helped to shape a new urban culture that was the creation not of one group or another but, rather, the product of inter-ethnic acculturation.

8

CONSUL SUGIHARA CHIUNE AND THE POLISH JEWS IN KAUNAS, LITHUANIA IN 1939-1940 (Konsul Sugihara Chiune a polscy Zydzi w Kownie w okresie 1939-1940)

88%

Barbasiewicz O.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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nr 36

167-188

EN

The main subject of this article is the life and career of Sugihara Chiune, viewed in the context of the fate of European Jews during their stay in the Lithuanian capital, Kaunas, while they were escaping from Nazi-occupied Europe in 1939 and 1940. The authoress investigates how the Japanese consul helped them obtain visas and thus saved their lives. She also deals with his private and professional life, including the turns of his diplomatic career in pre-war Lithuania, and his views on crucial issues involving his activities connected with saving the Polish Jews - even at the risk of his own life and the life of his family. Sugihara continued to hand out transit visas even after he was forbidden to do so by his superiors from the Japanese Foreign Ministry. Thus the war influenced his later life as a diplomat, not always in a beneficial way. However, today Consul Sugihara is considered a hero and is commemorated in many ways, both in his native Japan and in Lithuania.

9

VLNA ANTISEMITIZMU V ČESKOSLOVENSKU VYVOLANÁ POLITICKÝM PROCESOM S RUDOLFOM SLÁNSKYM A SPOL.

88%

Šromovský M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2015

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tom 18

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nr 2

-

EN

The beginning of 1950s in Czechoslovakia was a period of political processes, among which the Rudolf Slánsky et al. trial had possibly the largest impact on the society. It was accompanied by a massive media campaign, characterized by a strong anti-cosmopolitan, anti-Zionist and anti-Israel spirit. Articles in newspapers that tried to accuse, inter alia, the Zionists, cosmopolitans (thus people of Jewish descent) and the State of Israel of the negative economic situation in the country, could not cause any other reaction but the anti-Semitism. In contrast to the so-called Popular anti-Semitism, which was on the scene mainly in Slovakia after the Second World War, in the early '50s the anti-Semitism was caused by government – so-called government anti-Semitism.

10

SLOVENŠTÍ ŽIDÉ V GHETTU TEREZÍN (1944 – 1945)

88%

Putík D.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 2

289 – 311

EN

1450 people were deported from the Jewish transit camp in Sereď (Slovakia), to the Terezín ghetto in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 4 transports between December 1944 and March 1945. Eleven of the deported perished on the way from Sereď while 35 died in Terezín. The rest survived the Holocaust. Based on research in Czech and Slovak archives, as well as in oral and visual history databases and books of memoirs, the paper studies the experience of the people deported to Terezín from Slovakia in its various aspects – their origin (there was a number of Hungarian nationals among the deportees), their previous fates (particularly after the German occupation of Slovakia from August 1944), the extent of knowledge about the mass extermination of Jews „in the East“ among those deported from Slovakia in comparison with other Terezín inmates, their living conditions in the ghetto (including health and sanitation, public, cultural and religious life), the fate of children among the Slovak Jews in Terezín and the specific experience of the end of the war and liberation.

11

ŽIDÉ V UHERSKÉM BRODĚ A KONEČNÉ ŘEŠENÍ ŽIDOVSKÉ OTÁZKY V OBDOBÍ PROTEKTORÁTU NA MORAVSKO-SLOVENSKÉM POMEZÍ

75%

Poláková M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2016

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tom 20

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nr 2

432 – 458

EN

In Uherský Brod, whose district boundary was several tens of kilometres, together with Slovakia, lived at the beginning of the Protectorate of about 600 Jews. Although about 50 people, who managed to emigrate legally, even so the majority of them continue to live in the Jewish part of the city, which in year 1942 became a forcible refuge for forced nearly 3 thousand people benefiting Jewish faith in southeast Moravia. Some local Jews began from the spring of 1939 to work with the active resistance movement components, as with the defence of the nation at converting across the Slovak border, as well as with the illegal Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which they provide financial means. Jewish cemetery was destroyed, and so was lit synagogue from the 18th century. In January 1943, pursuant to a subpoena 2,837 Jews arrived with 50 kg of luggage into the building of the local grammar school. From there the journey went in three groups after about 1,000 people on 23, 27 and 31. 1. 1943 by stairs to the nearby train station and then through Terezin to Auschwitz.

12

DISCUSSIONS OF NAZI GERMANY ON THE DEPORTATION OF JEWS IN 1942 – EXAMPLE OF SLOVAKIA, ROMANIA AND HUNGARY

75%

Nižňanský E.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

|

nr suppl. issue

111 – 136

EN

The study is an attempt to compare the discussions and resulting deportations of Jews in individual states. Nazi Germany asked more or less the same questions in these discussions, but the three states reacted differently to the possibility to deport their Jews, in spite of their home-grown policies of anti-Semitism. The rejection of deportation by Romania and Hungary did not result in the political elites of these countries at this time. Quiet collaboration of the individual countries, economic cooperation, especially in the armaments industry, and sending of military units to the Eastern Front, were much more important for Nazi Germany than the deportation of Jews.

13

KONTEXTY KONSTRUKCE MINULOSTI NA PŘÍKLADU INTERPRETACÍ HOLOCAUSTU V ČESKÝCH ZEMÍCH

75%

Novotná H.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 2

151 – 164

EN

The aim of the paper is to identify the frameworks in which the interpretations of the Jewish past in the second half of the 20th century were and are constructed, with emphasis on its conceptualization in the Czech Republic and the importance of the Holocaust. In accordance with constructivism the author follows various forms of Holocaust memory and its relationship to the official historical interpretations of the past. She perceives memory as a discursive practice and the interpretation of the past as a process of negotiation between the communicative and cultural memory. In addressing the context of discussion about Jewish past and present in political, social and academic discourses, she focuses on issues which are significant outside as well as inside the Czech area.

14

Deportace do Niska nad Sanem a jejich místo v historii holocaustu

75%

Borak M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2010

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tom 1

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nr 2

150-168

EN

The first mass transports of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe pulled out from Moravska Ostrava, Vienna and Katowice. They headed for Nisko nad Sanem in the eastern part of occupied Poland where the Jews, under the supervision of the SS guards, were supposed to build a concentration camp. This enterprise was administered by Adolf Eichmann and it affected about five thousand Jews from Bohemia, Poland and Austria. The SS guards drove the majority of prisoners to the Soviet Union where they were imprisoned again in the Soviet concentration camps - gulags. The study provides an overview of the world historiography on this topic, assesses the causes, course and importance of the transports to Nisko and seeks to uncover their place in the genocidal plans of the Nazis.

15

EDITH STEIN IN THE MEMORY OF GERMANS, JEWS AND POLES (Edyta Stein w pamieci Niemców, Zydów i Polaków)

75%

Korzeniewska A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2011

|

nr 1(338)

232-245

EN

The article is an inquiry on how the figure of Edith Stein functions in the collective memory of Poles, Germans and Jews within the several decades since her death. The topic is tackled from the perspective of culture studies and philosophy. An analysis of official manifestations of memory, especially in Germany and in the Catholic Church, is an introduction to an in-depth analysis of the modes of presence of this figure in culture (literature, film) as well as the role of regional and religious communities, societies and different milieus in Poland and Germany in creating the memory of Edith Stein. The text shows how the same values for which Edith Stein is remembered in one community of memory might and indeed do result in oblivion in other communities, while in still different ones serve to build national or regional identity.

16

ŽIDIA – SPOLOČNOSŤ – POLITIKA (SLOVENSKO 1945 – 1948)

75%

Bumová I.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

|

nr 2

165 – 174

EN

This article deals with the position of the Jewish minority in the period 1945 – 1948 in Slovakia. The author takes as her starting-point activities aimed at reacquisition by Jews of their original civic and economic rights and the problems connected with their rehabilitation and restitution of their property. In the civic and also the political sphere a decisive role in the formation of new relationships was played by anti-Semitism, which ultimately was reshaped also on the legislative and ideological levels.

17

Príspevok k dejinám tretieho protektorátneho transportu do Niska po príchode na Slovensko

75%

Nižňanský E.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2011

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tom 2

|

nr 2

151-167

EN

In February 1940, a transport of 105 Jews was despatched from Sosnowiec to Slovakia. It consisted of persons who had been deported from Ostrava to Nisko and back to Sosnowiec in November 1939 (Transport Nr. 3), chiefly Polish citizens who lived in Czechoslovakia before WWII. The Slovakian authorities consisted to an interim stay of these people, hoping that they would soon emigrate, but it turned out to be impossible. They were taken to Vyhne (district Nová Baňa) and put up in the health resort buildings confiscated from a Jewish owner. The camp´s inmates received their subsistence from American Joint and the rigours were not exceedingly harsh (they could receive a pass enabling them to receive treatment or to work outside the camp and a kindergarten and school were set up for the children). In 1942, Vyhne was transformed into a labour camp and its inmates had to work in workshops for free. In 1942 one part of the inmates avoided deportations to death camps (Auschwitz, district Lublin). The Vyhne camp operated until the outbreak of the Slovak National Uprising (August 1944). At this time it is not possible to determine how many of its inmates the war survived.

18

Židovská náboženská obec Frýdek-Místek v letech 1918–1942. Asimilace Židů do většinové společnosti

75%

Baránek D.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2012

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tom 20

|

nr 2

139-176

EN

Before the outbreak of World War I the Jewish congregation in Frýdek-Místek saw a period of its apparent heyday. The local Jews declared their adherence to the Jewish nationality; this encouraged the local followers of Zionism to try and establish a Zionist association here. In the twenties, however, the Zionists failed to create a compact group within the local Jewish community. The economic foundations of the Jewish congregation were then disrupted by the Great Depression. The rise of Nazi power reflected also in the congregation in spring 1938 as several Jewish refugees came here from Austria. Other refugees joined the community in late summer and early autumn in connection with the Nazi occupation of Sudetenland. In spite of that most Jews stayed in the city. Their tragic fate was eventually closed with the transports to concentration camps that took place from September 1942 to early 1945.

19

(NE)ZARADITEĽNOSŤ ÚTVARU JIDIŠ DO STRATIFIKAČNÉHO MODELU NEMECKÉHO A SLOVENSKÉHO JAZYKA

75%

Zajacová T.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2012

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tom 1

|

nr 1

45 – 54

EN

The article deals with the development, task and function of Yiddish, the language of the Jews in Central and Eastern Europe. In this article, the author deals with the development and development of the phenomenon of Yiddish in the German and Slovak linguistic environment. She analyses the possibility or impossibility of classifying Yiddish into the stratification model of the two languages from the diachronic as well as the synchronous view. The presented analysis presents the historical development of Yiddish from a colloquial-language variety of German to the existence as a self-contained language with all linguistic functions. The attempt to classify Yiddish into the stratification model of the Slovak language has not succeeded, so she is of the opinion that Yiddish in Slovakia exists in the form of a self-reliant language - the East Yiddish. The attempt to classify Yiddish into the stratification model of the German language confirmed the necessity of temporal differentiation (from the diachronic point of view the Yiddish was "only" a colloquial language of the German language, the synchronous view is an independent language).

20

ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ARYANIZATION IN SLOVAKIA (1939 – 1945)

75%

Hallon Ľ.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2008

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tom 56

|

nr suppl. issue

75 – 92

EN

In the conditions of the wartime Slovak Republic, the commercial banks with Slovak management played a key role in extending the control of Slovak capital over areas of business controlled by other nationalities, especially Czechs and Jews. However, they had only a secondary position in the capital expansion, because the most important businesses in Slovakia were controlled by the banks and companies of Nazi Germany. From autumn 1940, the Slovak commercial banks and other financial institutions fulfilled an entirely new role in the process of state directed Aryanization of Jewish property. They became passive mediators of the transfer of Jewish property from the hands of the Jewish community into the possession of the state. The commercial banks also became the main source of finance for further anti-Jewish actions including the deportations to extermination camps. A wave of opposition began to arise against participation in Aryanization and actions against the Jewish community.