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EN
The essay analyzes Michèle Roberts’s 2012 story “On the Beach at Trouville” as an ekphrasis of Claude Monet’s early Impressionist painting, The Beach at Trouville. It first approaches the narrative though W. J. T. Mitchell’s model in which ekphrasis is understood as staging “a war of signs,” only to conclude that the dynamics between the painting and the story is too complex to be satisfactorily explained in these terms. As a result, the essay moves on to read the story as an “ekphrastic encounter” and uses Norman Bryson’s concept of the glance to account for what happens between Roberts’s text and Monet’s image. Bryson discusses the glance in opposition to the totalizing, immobile and disembodied gaze and understands it both as a way of looking and painting. The essay reveals how the glance can be used to explain important dimensions of Roberts’s ekphrastic project: its depiction of Monet’s picture as a semiotic system of arbitrary signs, its emphasis on the durational, performative aspect of painting, its insistence on the contingent nature of interpretation, and, finally, its attempts to mimic Monet’s Impressionist style. All these features, the essay argues, allow Roberts to transform her story into a dynamic scene of intermedial dialogue where word and image enter a relation of what Stephen Scobie describes as “reciprocal supplementarity.”
EN
The idea of Europeanness and European identity rather than the national identity gains in relevance in view of the symbolic reorganization of the geographic spaces. Moreover, the national identity issues have somewhat lost importance in view of the global hazard of the COVID pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to debate the concept of Europeanness and to express an ambivalent position on this notion. Taking into consideration the most recent accomplishments of cultural theory I would like to demonstrate that the so-called European identity is a nostalgic object recalled to reminisce about the time when globalization and global threats did not exist at the scale comparable to the present. Or, the knowledge about them was patchy due to the undeveloped internet communication. Taking into consideration the explanations of Arjun Appadurai and Svetlana Boym, I will deconstruct the notion of Europeanness in view of a broad idea of nostalgia which according to Boym interprets the past as illusory and non-existent.
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Content available remote Malarz ziemi. Józef Chełmoński w kręgu europejskich tendencji pejzażu
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EN
The article aims at identifying various references that Józef Chełmoński’s painting made to the widely perceived tradition of 19 th -century European landscape. The analysis does not only include the Polish artist’s direct connections with the group of Munich or Paris painters (both from among the academic circles and unofficial ones), but also the ways the artist drew from the modern aesthetic tendencies, conventions, and visual strategies he became acquainted with when abroad, all of those rooted in the discovery of photography, Realism, Impressionism, Symbolism, or Japonism. The Author also analyses the position J. Chełmoński’s art held in the national discourse of Polish artistic criticism and the myth it implied of a painter of land, attached to native landscape and thence drawing nutritious creative forces, national in content and form, while indifferent to cosmopolitan vogues. This suggestive vision of Chełmoński as a wild instinctive artist, consolidated particularly by Stanisław Witkiewicz, is confronted with the organic concept of Gustave Courbet’s creative process, the searches of the Barbizon School and of its German followers.
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PL
W pracy przedstawiono ideę pleneru. Odniesiono się do romantyzmu jako epoki kultywującej studia w naturze. Nawiązano do impresjonizmu we Francji i Polsce, przedstawiając nowe cele i możliwości twórców na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Opisano doświadczenia pracy dydaktycznej w plenerze w ramach zajęć ze studentami prowadzonych w Zakładzie Wzornictwa.
EN
The article presents the idea of plein - air. Reference was made to the Romantic era as cultivating studies in nature. The existence of lmpressionism in France and Poland presents the new possibilities for artists at the tum of the XIX and XX century. Described his own experience in working outdoor with students of the Department of Design.
EN
This article presents the economic and social transformations in the Netherlands from the end of the XVIIth century, to the beginning of the XXth century and the impact of those transformations on the development of housing in the country. Special emphasis is put on described and characteristic residential housing of the inner city, as well as the suburbian one, especially, those built during the high-point of the speculative movements within architecture. Moreover, the matter of availability of housing for the working class is considered.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostały przesłanki, które legły u podstaw działań zmierzających do emancypacji środowiska twórców sztuk pięknych, rzemiosła artystycznego i architektury. Wskazano w nim na przenikanie się tych rodzajów twórczości. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono podjęte przez twórców awangardowych działania w celu uniezależnienia się ich od wpływu szeroko rozumianego akademizmu. W końcowej części pracy scharakteryzowano następstwa tych działań.
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EN
The article proposes a contemporary reflection on Hegel’s famous quote “the real is the rational and the rational is the real” that tradition has often misinterpreted. Inspired by a new reading by JeanFrançois Kervégan (which translates the sentence “the rational will become effective/real and the real/effective will become rational”), the article focuses on one of the possible illustrations of this Hegelian thesis. Émile Zola’s novel The Work consists of a very interesting analysis of the notions of reality, effectiveness and rationality that the author applies to both literature and visual arts. Behind the controversies of Pierre Sandoz and Claude Lantier, it is possible to discern all the debates that opposed Émile Zola to his friend Paul Cézanne.
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