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2 Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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Additivity of ISSR markers in natural hybrids of related forest species Bromus benekenii and B. ramosus (Poaceae)

100%

Sutkowska A. , Pasierbinski A. , Baba W. , Warzecha T. , Mitka J.

nr 1

The co-occurrence of hybrids and parental species in similar ecological niches poses a question on the role of traits additivity and overdispersion (emergence of new traits) in microevolutionary processes. We analysed genetic polymorphism of Bromus benekenii, B. ramosus and the spontaneous hybrid B. benekenii × B. ramosus in sympatric and allopatric parts of the species distribution in Europe, based on non-coding regions of the taxon genomes (ISSR genetic fingerprinting). We tested 68 individuals in 7 populations, including a hybrid population in N France. Altogether 233 polymorphic ISSR bands (loci) were obtained. We found that the parent species were genetically distinct and the hybrids had an additive pattern of ISSR bands found in the putative parental species (NMDS, STRUCTURE); however, there was evidence of introgression towards B. ramosus (NEWHYBRIDS, UPGMA classifications, Nei's D genetic distance). Bromus benekenii had 72, B. ramosus 21 and the hybrids 9 private bands (genetic overdispersion), probably resulting from the rearranged genomes. Based on its low genetic divergence index DW, the hybrid population seems to be at a young age. We argue that in the face of anthropogenic landscape transformations favouring secondary contacts, the hybrids may competitively replace the parental species in sympatric areas.

Micropropagation of six Prunus mume cultivars through axillary shoot proliferation, and ISSR analysis of cloned plants

58%

Ning G. G. , Fan X. L. , Huang W. J. , Bao M. Z. , Zhang J. B.

nr 1

25-31

Prunus mume is one of the most popular landscape plants In China and Japan. A successful in vitro propagation system for six cultivars of Prunus mume has been developed by in vitro culture of nodal segments from seedling and mature plants. High multiplication rates (from 2.5 to 5.5) were achieved using modified MS media and WPM basic media supplemented with TDZ, BA, IBA, 2,4-D or NAA at concentrations adjusted for each cultivar. All the studied cultivars could be proliferated efficiently on WPM media supplemented with 2.2 µM TDZ, 2.2 µM BA and 2.5 µM IBA. Shoots were rooted on agar-gelled 1/2 MS or WPM basic media containing 2.5 or 5.0 µM IBA, and plantlets were transferred to pots after they had grown more than 3 roots and at least one root was more than 10 mm long. The effects of TDZ, media composition and different genotypes on shoot multiplication and growth were studied in detail. The genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants from the ’Xuemei’ cultivar was examined using PCR-ISSR markers, and the results demonstrated complete genetic stability in the cloned plants.