Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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NEW MIGRANTS, NEW COMMUNITIES. POLISH NATIONAL IN IRELAND AFTER THE EU ENLARGEMENT IN 2004 (Polscy migranci w Irlandii. Rola sieci spolecznych w procesie migracyjnym oraz w ksztaltowaniu sie spolecznosci etnicznej)

100%

Bobek A.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2010

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tom 8

57-67

EN

Although Poland has been a country of emigration for many decades, Ireland has only recently become a destination country for Polish nationals. Most of the Polish migrants in Ireland came to this country directly prior or after the EU enlargement in May 2004. Therefore this community is still in the process of formation, and rapid changes can be observed. Despite the novelty of this migration flow, Polish citizens continue one of the largest immigration groups in Ireland. With the current circumstances of the freedom of movement between European Union states, new light can be put on the concepts of migration, ethnic identity and on such concepts as 'home' and 'belonging'. The aim of this paper is to describe and examine the process of the formation of Polish community in Ireland, showing how this situation differs from the situation of those Polish communities that have already been well established in other countries and how some patterns from the past are still replicated. The main focus of the paper would be analyze the influence of the Information and Communication Technologies on both, ethnic community formation and on the relationship between Polish migrants in Ireland, their local communities 'back home' and migrants in other countries. I will argue that the traditional concept of 'ethnic neighbourhood' does not apply to this community and it has been, to some extent, compensated by the notion of 'virtual community'. I will also show the internal division within the community, which are no longer based on differences between migrants cohorts but rather are based on class and cultural capital characteristics. Finally, I will present the place of this community within the larger context of Polish Diaspora. The paper utilises data from my ongoing research on Polish migrants in Ireland. This research utilises qualitative methodology combining fieldwork, semi-structured interviews and on-line ethnography. In addition to that I have been using data from the Migrants Careers and Aspirations project, part of Trinity immigration research programme.

2

INSTITUTIONAL INFLUENCES ON THE USE OF EVIDENCE IN PUBLIC POLICY: THE CASE OF POLICY FORMULATION IN IRELAND

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O´Mullane M.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2010

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tom 3

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nr 1

47 – 60

EN

This article examines the use of evidence for policy-making, with a specfic focus on a policy-support tool called Health Impact Assessment (HIA). This tool aims to health-proof all public policies, at national and local levels. It has gained credence and credibility from supranational and international institutions, such as the European Union and the World Health Organisation. HIA is one of a plethora of instruments used to inform public policy. This research examines whether HIAs were used for the purpose that they were conducted- to inform policy, either directly or indirectly. Institutional theory was used as the analytical lens to examine this phenonomen. This article draws on research from a doctoral study conducted in Ireland, based on empircal evidence from four case studies within the two jurisdications on the island; the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

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THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF POLISH MIGRANTS IN IRISH RURAL AREAS IN THE PERIOD OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY FROM 2004 TO 2007

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Galica-Orzechowska N.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 4(142)

5-37

EN

The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of economic integration of Polish national in rural Ireland and to analyse the non-economic determinants of this process in the context of the EU 2004 enlargement. The paper focuses on a micro level analysis of migrants’ economic integration and a macro level analysis of the Irish labour market impact on migrants’ integration during the period of economic prosperity between 2004 and 2007. It explores neoclassic economic theory, NELM theory as well as dual labour market theory and network theory to assess migrants’ integration with the labour market. The paper is based on the main findings of a research study conducted in 2007 in all four provinces of the Republic of Ireland. The study employed mixed methods, including: literature review, face-to-face and electronic surveys, elite interviews and a focus group discussion. The research findings revealed that Polish migrants in rural Ireland were a well-educated and highly motivated workforce and not the resource-poor from the most impoverished provinces of Poland as one might envisage. They were either employed or in education prior to migration. The choice of the migration destination was largely determined by the Polish migratory network and work opportunities in rural Ireland. Most of migrants indicated temporality of stay. Many factors influence the permanency of stay, not least the economic trends in both Ireland and Poland but also life opportunities and sense of life stability. Due to the high market demand for unskilled and semi-skilled workers, most of the respondents were employed but the research found ‘an occupational gap’ in the employment patterns and significant levels of underemployment among migrants. However, the Irish authorities did little to capitalise on this potential opportunity. Finally, the paper presents how work conditions, including nationality represented at work or language used at work impacted on integration. It is concluded that the ‘brain drain’ experienced in Poland was mirrored by a ‘brain waste’ in Ireland.

4

BARIERY NA DRODZE INTEGRACJI POLSKICH EMIGRANTÓW POAKCESYJNYCH W IRLANDII

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Dzięglewski M.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 2(140)

141-148

EN

The dynamics of the integration process varies in case of the first and the following generations of emigrants. It is quite challenging though to describe all the details of the integration process of Polish migrants to Ireland due to the short period of Poland’s membership in the EU. However, it is important to analyze the barriers which are becoming more and more visible on the way to integration of the first “pioneer migrant generation”. The aim of the paper is the multi-dimentional analysis of the factors impeding Polish migrants’ integration into the Irish society. The analysis refers to the empirical research based on the technique of in-depth interviews. The main focus is on the two aspects of integration: the social and the cultural ones. The social aspect of integration includes: career trajectory, participation in the social life of the local community and interpersonal relations. The cultural aspect of integration includes: language skills, values and behavioural patterns as well as everyday culture and rituals. The analysis focuses both on individuals and on institutions, that is the activities of Polish-Irish associations, and stresses the factors impeding the integration process of Polish migrants. Those factors can be divided into: social factors such as weak ties with Irish people and institutions and desire to come back to Poland; cultural factors such as insufficient language skills and lack of knowledge of norms and behavioral patterns; legal factors such as reluctance to acquire Irish citizenship and unwillingness to participate in the Irish political life; and finally, spatial factors that is lack of contacts with the Irish people in the migrant’s local communities.

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POLSCY IMIGRANCI W IRLANDII: FORMY ŻCIA MAŁŻEŃSKO-RODZINNEGO ORAZ PRZEKSZTAŁCENIA FUNKCJI RODZINY

75%

Lisak M.

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 2(152)

65-82

EN

The main task of the paper is to analyse the socio-familial aspects of the newest migration flows from Poland to Ireland that have been taking place since 2004. In order to examine this migratory phenomenon I apply a three-level analysis: on the macro-level I study statistical demographic data obtained from the Irish population censuses; on the mezzo-level I use a longitudinal (3-year) survey carried out within a selected immigrant subpopulation; on the micro-level I analyse 30 unstructured interviews with Polish immigrants. The results show that Polish emigration to Ireland is, first of all, driven by economic factors. Nonetheless, the socio-familial conditions and marital strategies also play a significant role in the processes of shaping one’s migratory experiences. The paper concludes that many Polish emigrants, including those who constituted the first flow of immigration to Ireland, are well-settled at the destination. The socio-familial circumstances become a critical factor in choosing their migration strategy.

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Religijność instytucjonalna jako czynnik adaptacji polskich imigrantów w Irlandii

75%

Lisak M.

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2015

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tom 41

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nr 2 (156)

97–121

EN

A high level of adherence with Catholicism is one of the cultural similarities between the cohort of Polish immigrants living in Ireland and the rest of the Republic of Ireland’s population. Sharing the same religious beliefs seems to be a social bridge that accelerates mutual acceptance and adjustment at the time of massive migration. Therefore, the article aims to evaluate the integrative function of institutional religiousness. The ﬁ ndings show that both the Polish immigrants and the natives tend to separate from one another instead of integrating, though. With regard to the bonding function of institutional religiousness, a high level of intercultural competence among religious leaders is required. It is evident, however, that neither the Irish Catholic church nor the chaplaincy for Polish immigrants have such skilful and integrative leaders.

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MIGRACJA JAKO KRYZYS WIĘZI SPOŁECZNEJ? ANALIZA NA PRZYKŁADZIE WIELKIEJ BRYTANII I IRLANDII

63%

Bobek A.

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2016

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tom 42

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nr 1 (159)

201-216

PL

Międzynarodowe migracje tradycyjnie postrzegane były jako zagrożenie dla istniejących więzi społecznych. Jednostki przebywające w dalekiej odległości od kraju wysyłającego mają bowiem ograniczone możliwości interakcji ze społecznością wysyłającą, co z kolei może prowadzić do ich stopniowego wykluczenia. Jednocześnie bariery kulturowe i językowe mogą utrudniać integrację ze społeczeństwem przyjmującym, zwłaszcza jeżeli migracja w założeniu jest krótkotrwała. Z drugiej strony, regularny napływ członków danej narodowości do kraju docelowego często prowadzi do powstawania społeczności etnicznych, szczególnie w przypadku migracji o charakterze łańcuchowym. Istnienie takich sieci łagodzi poczucie izolacji i szoku kulturowego, które często dotykają nowych imigrantów. Poza tym, wraz z upływem czasu, jednostki mogą stopniowo adaptować się do lokalnej społeczności. Dodatkowo, dostępne współcześnie nowe technologie oraz tanie środki transportu umożliwiają częstsze kontakty z bliskimi w kraju wysyłającym oraz podtrzymywanie więzi w sposób wirtualny. Celem artykułu jest analiza badań nad poakcesyjnymi migracjami z Polski do Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii. Wraz z otwarciem rynków pracy w 2004 roku te dwa kraje doświadczyły masowego napływu obywateli polskich. Pomimo kryzysu gospodarczego, który w szczególnym stopniu dotknął w niedawnym czasie Irlandię, strumienie migracyjne pomiędzy Polską a tymi krajami nie uległy zatrzymaniu. Przeciwnie, sieci migracyjne rozwijały się w sposób dynamiczny; nastąpił też rozkwit społeczności etnicznych. Artykuł skupi się na wpływie tej fali migracyjnej na transformację więzi społecznym na poziomie jednostkowym i lokalnym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem takich aspektów jak: kryzys więzi rodzinnych w przypadku ‹tradycyjnych› migracji cyrkulacyjnych, procesie łączenia rodzin, roli sieci migracyjnych oraz roli pełnionej przez nowe technologie w rozwoju społeczności etnicznych oraz w podtrzymywaniu więzów z rodzimymi społecznościami w kraju wysyłającym.

EN

International migration were traditionally perceived as a threat to the existing social bonds. Individuals who are residing away from their country of origin have limited opportunities to interact with their communities of origin, which can then lead to their social exclusion. At the same time, cultural and language barriers may hinder integration with the host society, especially if the migration is perceived as temporary. On the other hand, regular inflows of members of one national group to one destination country often results in ethnic community formation, especially in case of chain migration. Such networks can ease the feeling of isolation and cultural shock, which are often part of new migrants’ experience. Furthermore, individuals can gradually adapt to the local community. In addition, new technologies and means of transport make regular contacts with those left behind in the sending country. The aim of this article is the analysis of post-accession migration from Poland to the United Kingdom and Ireland. After opening their labour markets to New Member States nationals in 2004, these two countries experience a large inflow of Polish migrants. Despite the economic crisis, migration flows between Poland and these destinations did not stop. It was rather the contrary, as migrant networks developed rapidly. This article will focus on the impact of this migration stream on the transformation of social ties on individual and local level, including the crisis of family ties in the case of ‘traditional’ circular migration, family reunification processes, the role of migrant networks and the role of new technologies.