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INTERNOWANIE BISKUPA STANISŁAWA ŁUKOMSKIEGO, CZYLI O OBCHODACH ŻAŁOBNYCH MARSZAŁKA PIŁSUDSKIEGO W DIECEZJI ŁOMŻYŃSKIEJ

100%

GUZEWICZ W.

Studia Ełckie

2014

tom 16

nr 3

267-279

The article presents the question of the celebration of the funeral of Marshal Pilsudski in the diocese of Lomża in May 1935, which took place in the context of the internment of Bishop Stanislaw Łukomski by the administrative authorities and the state. Next to shift the course of events in the article was also outline the background to the conflict, as well as answers to questions about how the incident occurred, who was his main inspiration and organizer of why the celebration of the funeral of Marshal Pilsudski in the diocese of Lomża turned into a political and an anti-Church and then ended the whole thing.

Życie amerykańskich Japończyków w obozach internowania

100%

Filinowicz N.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2013

tom 11

211-230

The Japanese attack on American military base in Pearl Harbor and the US entry into World War II changed lives of the American Japanese for several years. By the American government’s decision of January 1941, 110 thousand Nikkei, living mainly in the West Coast territory, were resettled and interned for the duration of the war. This action was undertaken in the atmosphere of hysteria after the Pearl Harbor attack and reinforced by the media and leading American politicians. The government’s movements were explained by a “military necessity” and the need to protect the country against sabotage and the attack of the “ﬁfth column”. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s decision was an obvious violation of civil rights of the majority of the interned, as two thirds of them were US citizens. The Japanese were forced to leave their houses in a hurry and move to, originally temporary and then permanent, internment camps, where they stayed four long years. The interned were provided with medical aid, education and entertainment, and with time, the camps began to resemble small American towns. Yet, the living conditions were not satisfactory. For the majority of the interned the memories of the camps are so traumatic and humiliating, that they would like to erase them. For years they revealed their wartime experiences neither to friends and relatives nor to the rest of the American society. The aim of this article is to present living conditions in internment camps and ﬁnd the reasons of trauma connected with the internment of the Japanese.

VOJNOVÍ ZAJATCI, INTERNOVANÍ, VYSÍDLENÍ. AKTIVITY JÓZSEFA MINDSZENTYHO, KARDINÁLA MAĎARSKA V OBLASTI ĽUDSKÝCH PRÁV1945 – 1948

75%

Balogh M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

2013

tom 61

nr 1

45 – 84

József Mindszenty, appointed Archbishop of Esztergom on 16 August 1945, became world famous as one of the symbols of the struggle against communism. He held his position as archbishop and primate until 1974. The political police arrested him on 26 December 1948 and the People’s Court in Budapest sentenced him to life imprisonment. He initiated various actions by the Church, which had to confront radical changes in society and the political system. He attempted to find his place and secure the position of the Church in the framework of these new conditions. The study is devoted to his activity in the field of human rights. It gives evidence that Mindszenty did everything possible for people suffering from discrimination or persecution, whether in the domestic or international context. As the head of the Catholic hierarchy or as a public figure in Hungary, he considered it his duty to influence public opinion in favour of Hungarians in internment and prisoner of war camps, as well as in cases of legally unjustified proceedings against war criminals. He acted similarly on the questions of the expulsion of Hungarians from Slovakia and Germans from Hungary. At the same time, all his argumentation inclined to the conception of the ethnic integrity of Hungary. As he stated to the court, he had carried out his “pastoral and humanitarian duties”.

INTERNACE BISKUPA JOSEFA HLOUCHA

75%

Kolouch F.

Studia theologica

2013

tom 15

nr 3

197–216

This study describes the internment of Bishop Joseph Hlouch of České Budějovice in 1949–1968. Firstly, it deals with his fate in the years 1949–1950 when it was under the control of State Security and an agent of the Government. It consequently describes his isolation in the building of the bishopric over the years 1950–1951 and his removal outside the diocese in March 1952. The main part of the study is devoted to his internment outside the diocese and the internment sites: Kadaň, Myštěves, Šebetov, Paběnice and Koclířov. Archival materials and the testimony of witnesses were primarily made use of for this study.