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COMPARATISM AND THE CRISIS OF LITERARY STUDIES

100%

Pokrivčák A.

World Literature Studies

2013

tom 5 (22)

nr 2

77 – 88

The article is an analysis of René Wellek’s contribution to the theory of comparative literature. It draws on his characterization of the crisis of comparative literature presented at the 2nd Congress of ICLA in the USA, and continues with the interpretation of some of his other opinions concerning the situation in which literary studies in the USA found itself at the end of the 20th century. They are included especially in his articles “The Attack on Literature” and “Destroying Literary Studies.” René Wellek’s theoretical opinions are analysed especially in the context of emerging cultural studies and their ideologization of literature in general, formally expressed, for example, in the Bernheimer Report for the American Association of Comparative Literature. The author points out that the future of the comparative literature lies not in its use of ideological contexts but in its ability to draw attention to universal principles and values, perhaps thorough the conceptions of inter-literariness and world literature, and thus overcome the harmfulness of separatist tendencies fed by particularisms of various types.

THE NOTION OF WORLD LITERATURE AND THE DEFINITION OF LITERATURE IN WESTERN AND INDIAN LITERARY STUDIES

84%

Gafrik R.

World Literature Studies

2009

tom 1(18)

nr 1

28-42

World literature is one of the key concepts of comparative literature. The famous German writer J.W. Goethe used the term to describe the growing availability of texts from other nations. The additive and the selective notion of world literature have later gained common acceptance among literary scholars. The Slovak theorist Dionyz Durisin developed his own historiographical notion of world literature which finally led him to abandon the traditional comparatistics altogether. The present paper is an attempt at situating the notion of literature underlying Durisin's notion of world literature in the discourse about literature in the West and in India. Comparative poetics, which is the best known among Western comparativists through the work of Earl Miner, pointed out the existence of literary critical traditions outside the Western world. The Sanskrit tradition, which also developed a poetics belonging to this category, includes a rich theoretical discourse on the nature of literature. Durisin based his theory of inter-literariness on Veselovsky's historical poetics combined with structuralism. His theory, which claims to offer a theoretical background for writing a history of world literature, tries to understand literature through history. Sanskrit poetics, however, sees the value of a literary text predominantly in its ability to offer an opportunity for the enjoyment of 'rasa'. The experience of 'rasa' is a gustation of permanent human emotional states and is not bound to interpretational changes due to the different historical situation. The structuralist approach, not to mention its limitations as perceived by Western literary scholars, proves to be totally inadequate in case of non-Western literatures. It follows then, that although the theory of inter-literariness tries to overcome the Euro-centrism of the earlier literary studies by its openness to literatures of the non-Western world, its theoretical basis remains euro-centric. The existence of affective-expressive poetics represents a challenge to the theory of inter-literariness.