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1
Content available remote PODATNOŚĆ WYBRANYCH ODMIAN WIERZBY SALIX SPP. NA FITOFAGI
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EN
The aim of the study was to select willow varieties the most and the least attractive as a food source to pests. Three willow varieties were chosen: Turbo, Start and Kortowska. They characterized with diverse attractiveness. Start was attacked the most often and the plants belonging to Turbo variety had their leaf blades the least damaged.
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2024
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tom 12
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nr 1
45 - 61
EN
The aim of this study is to analyse the extensive collection of the zoological drawings by Samuel Niedenthal that has been preserved in Dresden. They were executed using various techniques and depict a variety of animal species. This article draws attention especially to studies of the local fauna. This legacy of Pomeranian zoology is unique and important given the destruction of the painter’s artistic oeuvre, but also because it illustrates development of science in his time. Niedenthal’s depictions of animals, birds and insects are the first such complete compendium created in the seventeenth-century Central Europe. The detailed and accurate pictures make it possible to identify species occurring in the area, representing the first records of them in Pomerania.
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nr 3-4
135-141
EN
Immune inhibitors produced in infected larvae of Galleria mellonella by such entomopathogens as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora effectively blocked in vitro bactericidal activity of insect haemolymph against Escherichia coli D31, both in Galleria mellonella and Pieris brassicae pupae previously vaccinated with Enterobacter cloacae. Even at a trace concentration, the extracellular proteinases, by proteolytic degradation, totally destroyed the activity of cecropin peptides from Galleria and cecropin-like and attacin-family proteins from Pieris, but no ability to destroy antibacterial activity was shown by extracts obtained from Galleria larvae killed by massive doses of bacterial saprophytes. It is suggested that by blocking antibacterial immune response of the host, the proteinases help the bacteria to multiply in the haemolymph, thus they could be considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of insects.
EN
The project „The evaluation of environment condition in areas vulnerable to nitrogen pollution in Wielkopolska” was implemented within Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute and Wielkopolska Agricultural Advisory Centre in Poznań cooperation. The project was subsidized by Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poznań. The aim of the analysis was to evaluate a certain number of environment components such as biodiversity and phytosanitary condition indicators. The analysis was conducted on chosen farms in areas vulnerable to nitrogen pollution in Wielkopolska. The farms area ranged from 10 to over 30 ha. On each farm one or two crops were fully analysed. All biodiversity factors were high or medium. Pests and diseases, which may cause a critical threat to monocultures and simplified rotation, occurrence was examined. It was concluded that infestation level of examined crops was not epidemic. The high quantity of beneficial and predatory insects balanced pests quantity. Different species and groups of weeds were found on each crop.
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Content available remote Bioróżnorodność owadów na plantacji wierzby energetycznej
75%
EN
This paper reviews the potential value of SRW plantations as a habitat for invertebrates. It shows the investigation on the number and biodiversity of insects (both predators and herbivores) populating a plantation in IPP–NRI Field Experimental Station Winna Góra, Poland. The study took place in 2009 and 2010. All together 1840 insects were collected. They belonged to7 orders and 27 families. The most abundant groups were Coleoptera and Diptera orders. The biodiversity index was high. It was determined that SRW plantations are an excellent environment for insects.
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nr 2
196 - 204
EN
The article tackles selected representations of animals in Ivan Laučík’s (1944 – 2004) poetry. From the wide range of animals which the poet invites into his verse, it focuses on the motifs of insects, birds, and whales. In the world of Laučík’s poetry, insects serve as a litmus test for the quality and viability of an ecosystem. The poet, however, also handles insects in relation to the question of the expressive possibilities of language. Laučík’s ethical and ecological worldview also encompasses numerous motifs of birds which serve functions similar to those of insects. The motif of the whale occupies an important position in the poet’s debut collection, Pohyblivý v pohyblivom ([Mobile within mobility] 1968) and is also an indicator of how people relate to fauna and nature in general: as either conquerors or explorers. The ideal of a peaceful cohabitation of humankind with other animals can be glimpsed in Laučík’s handling of the human as a “human animal.” Such ethos can be observed both in individual poems and in the poet’s system of values in general. It accentuates an eco-friendly attitude towards nature to which the human is radically related.
EN
There is an essential evidence that climate is changing, both globally and locally, and the recent changes, in mean temperature in particular. are greater than the fluctuations normal over the last few centuries. Life-cycle timing in different insects depends on a wide variety of responses to both abiotic and biotic factors. Temperature directly affects development, survival range and abundance of arthropods. Species with a large geographical range are less affected, The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to influence winter survival, Insect and mite herbivores and their intensity of herbivory increases with rising temperature at constant latitude. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of host plant and herbivore. A significant variation is observed in an effect of elevated CO2 on arthropods. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have direct effects on plant primary and secondary metabolism. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms, which will be differentially affected by climate warming.
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Content available remote Rośliny jako pokarm i środowisko życia owadów i roztoczy
63%
EN
Host plant quality directly affects potential and achieved herbivore fecundity and reproductive strategies. Insect herbivores strongly regulate their nutrient intake including allochemicals. The nitrogenous nutrients are a limiting factor for herbivore survival, growth and fecundity. Herbivore insects usually exhibit enhanced performance and outbreak dynamics on stressed plants do to increased changes in plant physiology. Closely related. coocuring and generalist feeding herbivores eat protein and carbohydrate in different amounts and ratios even if they eat the same plant taxa. Plants in rban landscapes are subject to stress factors (pollutants, automobile exhaust, higher temperature) may reduce the abundance of natural enemies, parasitoids and predators. Many species of insects possess the capacity to learn to guide an active search for food and hosts. Both plants and arthropod herbivores generate select forces that lead to the evolution of plant defence against herbivores and pathogens.
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