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Mechanisms of activation, biological role and inhibitors of metalloproteases of extracellular matrix

100%

Gacko M.

nr 2

303-318

Prometalloproteases are activated by serine proteases, MMP-3, leucocytic elastase, furin, furin-like proteases and by membrane-type metalloproteases as well. They form complex with some proMMPs and thus they modify their activation.

Transepithelial transport of sodium and chloride ions in isolated skin of the frog, Rana esculenta

100%

Kosik-Bogacka D. I. , Tyrakowski T.

tom 50

nr 3-4

107-114

Isolated frog skin, mounted in a Ussing apparatus, was investigated electrophysiologically. Application of amiloride, an inhibitor of sodium ion transport, and bumetanide, known to block the transport of chloride ions, revealed the effect of these ions on PD, both under control conditions and following mechanical stimulation. Under control conditions, mechanical stimulation of the skin caused hyperpolarization, i.e. a transient increase in the electrical potential difference. Preincubation in the presence of amiloride, or amiloride plus bumetanide, brought about both a decrease in electrical potential and an inhibition of the reaction upon stimulation. On the other hand, incubation with bumetanide resulted in a decrease in electrical potential, but did not affect the skin reaction after mechanical stimulation. The above results indicate that hyperpolarization of the frog skin following mechanical stimulation is caused by enhanced transepithelial transport of sodium ions which, in turn, is induced by stimulation of sensory receptors.

The role of caspases in apoptosis

88%

Smolewski P.

nr 3

335-354

Activation of caspases is the key event during apoptosis. Abnormalities of this phenomenon play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders and may have important clinical implications, including the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, these problems are extensively investigated in several experimental and clinical studies.