Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Przemysł białostocki w II Rzeczypospolitej

100%

Morawski W.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 3(57)

49-60

EN

The First World War brought a serious deterioration to Podlasie’s industry. During the Second Polish Republic, the region had several periods of economic prosperity, interrupted only by brief downturns of 1924 and 1928. As the capacity of internal market was limited, while Łódź and Bielsk posed strong competition, foreign markets, sometimes as exotic as Japan, China or South Africa, had to be sought. Attempts to find new markets were only partly successful, and the interwar industry of Podlaskie never regained its position from before 1914. Among the consequences of weakened competitive power was an acceleration of the processes of monopolisation and concentration of production. Among the characteristics of Białystok industrial district in the 19th century were: great geographical dispersion of production among minor towns and small manufacturing plants and focus mainly on the Russian market. Both of the above started to change before WWI. Production gradually moved to Białystok, while the Russian market closed, and other markets had to be explored.

2

Rekonstrukce proměny krajiny, sídel a sídelní struktury na příkladu Blanenska

100%

Vyskocil A. , Klapka P. , Novakova E.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2007

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tom 34

296-306

EN

Based on analyses of available historical, geographical and statistical materials, the authors had tried, in one of their previous studies, to describe the basic historical and geographical definition of the Blansko Region in the scope of administrative and cadastral unit (a judicial district). This time the authors focused on the utilisation of cartographic materials as an independent reflection of gradual landscape changes. They utilised the map sets from the second and third military mapping as a visual basis for reconstruction of some selected landscape phenomena. They divided the studied territory into three levels whose area differs. Subsequently they focused on a certain landscape phenomenon in each of them whereas the category of utilisation was a unifying feature. The first level focused on the whole territory of the Blansko judicial district (its settlement structure, line elements, density of population); the second level focused on its geographic axis which is the valley of the River Svitava and which was defined as Blansko land use. And finally the third level was the conglomeration of Blansko itself (location of industry, development of housing).

3

Ludność żydowska w rzemiośle i wczesnej produkcji przemysłowej na Białorusi w pierwszej połowie XIX w.

100%

Stępniewska-Holzer B.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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tom 68

13-33

EN

The crafts comprised the prime source of employment for the Jews in Byelorussia and the basic branch of their economy. As late as the end of the nineteenth century the Jews dominated in this domain: in the towns of certain gubernias they constituted 80% of all craftsmen, and some of the crafts were almost totally controlled by them. The crisis of both Christian and Jewish guilds progressed as the capitalist enterprises grew stronger. During the 1830s the tradesmen’s capital, amassed since the first decade of the nineteenth century, served the growth of Jewish factories. The latter were by no means large-scale ventures, and in the following decades, in particular in Byelorussia, they did not compete with large industrial enterprises with state treasury capital but were based on an unskilled and cheap labour force. The Jewish factories in western Byelorussia, gradually developing in the mid-nineteenth century and working predominantly for the needs of the textile branch, began employing pauperised Jewish apprentices. Steadily, they faced the competition of state enterprises with their modernised machinery park and relatively better work conditions.

4

Przemysł Podlasia w latach 1971 – 1989

100%

Dwilewicz Ł.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 3(57)

80-97

EN

The paper presents the development of Podlasie’s industry in the 1970s and 1980s. Those years saw a narrowing of the gap in terms of industrialisation between the areas of the former Białystok Voivodeship and the rest of Poland. The gap was not, however, completely closed; later years showed the superficiality of top-down industrialisation and centrally-led efforts to modernise the local industrial structure. On the other hand, the transformation that took place at that time meant a permanent departure from the dominance of agriculture in the region and sped up its urban development, even if, from a certain point, it did not involve the development of the industrial function of urban areas. Moreover, it was in that period that a firm foundation was provided for specialisation in the food industry, allowing for subsequent expansion of this industry in times of market economy, with the best companies in the position of national leaders.

5

Przynależność do PZPR wśród zatrudnionych w przemyśle polskim w latach 1949–1956

100%

Chumiński J.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

111-145

EN

The first half of the 1950s in Poland coincided with a culmination of the Stalinist system. The crucial issue concerned the social basis of the antidemocratic and at that particular time outright criminal system. The structures of the prevailing system involved hundreds of thousands of persons, both members of the social elite and those on the lower rungs of the social ladder. The state of our knowledge about the motives of the conduct of the first group is relatively considerable, but almost nothing is known about the reasons for the participation of the so-called rank-and-file members of society in the structures of the totalitarian state. The establishment of their motives calls for examining such questions as the level of education, social origin, pre-war professional experience, as well as the age, gender and family situation structure. The article analysed the social and demographic features of the members of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP): workers and administration-technical employees working in 1949–1956. The sources are composed of files pertaining to 1472 workers in four factories (in Krakow and Warsaw). The conducted analysis demonstrated that the persons in question had an inferior education, originated mainly from the villages, and had little professional experience. At the same time, it must be emphasized that this was by no means a homogeneous group. The most elitist part consisted of members of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), who found themselves in the PUWP after a merge of the two parties. They differed from the other PUWP members due to a better education, the fact that a smaller percentage came from the villages, and their professional experience; they were also older and enjoyed a more stable family situation. In their case PUWP membership was not an ideological choice but merely a way of surviving Stalinist reality. By way of contrast, it appears that the chief reason why members of the Polish Workers’ Party (PPR) joined the communist party was their limited cognitive perspective and authoritarian submission. In turn, the dominating motives of those persons who joined the PUWP in 1949–1956 were of a purely utilitarian character. On the other hand, it is difficult to indicate a statistically essential group of PUWP members due to their identification with the goals and methods of the communist authorities of the period.

6

Rekonstrukční vícerozměrná geovizualizace městských krajin: příkladová studie a perspektivy

100%

Orsulak T. , Raska P. , +Suchevic S.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2007

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tom 34

334-350

EN

The main topic of the paper is multi-dimensional reconstruction of historical development of urban landscape in Klasterec nad Ohri and its geo-visualisation. In the introductory section authors summarize the main development trends in the process of forming a comprehensive scientific study focused on urban landscapes. Attention is paid to studies of the interaction between the society and nature in general (methods of dynamic land use and cover change), specifically the establishment of a field of study called urban ecology and its different approaches throughout the world and finally the interdisciplinary study of urban landscapes aimed at their complex understanding. The term urban landscape used instead of a simple term 'town' is significant here. Urban landscape implicates not only architecture, infrastructure and inhabitants, but also other landscape features incorporated into the structure of a town and also the landscape features of a town as a whole. In the second part, the authors defined the term hyperdata which is absolutely necessary for complex characteristics of urban landscape development. They focused their attention on the characteristics of various methods such as multi-dimensional reconstruction and geo-visualisation, on the potential of data sources and their processing and finally on the application of the method on the example of Klasterec nad Ohri (the territorial growth of the town, but also its architectural concept, internal functional differentiation, tendencies regarding the number of inhabitants or representation of instable and stable housing areas and greenery). The purpose of the final section was to specify selected perspectives of practical applications of reconstruction of urban landscape and their visualisation. The authors also discussed the possibilities of using the method in the development of sustainable tourism through hypothetical as well as actual renovation of historical buildings and structures in the landscape and landscape-architectural aspects of urban development, securing of ecological (environmental functions) of urban landscape and potential and limits of geo-visualisations for these applications.

7

Uprzemysłowienie województwa białostockiego w latach 1950 – 1970

100%

Zawistowski A.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 3(57)

61-79

EN

In 1950s and 1960s, Białystok Voivodeship experienced the longest and most intense period of industrialisation in its history. Expenditure for that purpose systematically increased, although, throughout the period in question, they were below the national average. The years 1950-1970 brought changes in the distribution of industry. Apart from Białystok, new local industrial towns flourished or emerged. Numerous agricultural areas were industrialised at that time. New branches of industry appeared in the region. Whatever the political, economic and social assessment of the period may be, it should be said, that it was a watershed for the former Białystok Voivodeship.

8

Handel polsko-niemiecki w latach 1918–2006 (uwarunkowania i etapy rozwoju)

100%

Kowal S.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2008

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tom 68

151-172

EN

The economic relations between Poland and Germany from the end of the First World War to 1996, perceived mainly from the Polish viewpoint, were marked by three attempts at an intensification of trade. The first took place in the wake of the outbreak of a customs war in the middle of 1925. At the time, representatives of the German economic circles and the Polish economic spheres, supported by the Polish government, embarked upon efforts to sign a trade treaty. A conspicuous commercial boost occurred in the 1970s, when upon the basis of imported technologies and foreign credits the Polish authorities intended to modernise Polish industry, with prime attention concentrated on West Germany. The third period in trade intensification accompanied the advantageous privatisation conducted in Poland during the 1990s. This process was favoured by an inflow of German capital as part of direct foreign investments and by Poland’s access to the European Union.

9

PRASA POLONIJNA WOBEC OSIĄGNIEĆ WYNALAZCZYCH RODAKÓW W STANACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH AMERYKI

100%

Łotysz S.

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2011

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tom 37

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nr 3(141)

67-80

EN

The question of inventiveness among the Polish diaspora in the US untill now has not become a subject of comprehensive study. This important area of human activity being omitted is a substantial weakness in a diagnosis of Poles’ contribution to the development of civilization of the United States of America. It appears that the daily press is an important primary source of an inventive output for the study. The contents’ analysis of the most important Polish Diaspora papers indicates that a lot of space was dedicated to innovation and technological progress. The author of the article brings up a number of examples of technical achievements and argues that Polish diaspora in the US has been keenly interested in the inventiveness and technological progress and has appreciated its significance. The article also discusses attempts to organize inventive movement of Poles in the US. The author also points out that the Polish diaspora regards inventiveness and innovative entrepreneurship as elements of social and economic emancipation of the Polish diaspora.

10

Uwagi o serwicyzacji gospodarki

100%

Kiełczewski D.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 4(58)

37-44

EN

The present paper discusses the processes of servitisation of modern economies. Presented is the nature of the process, its theoretical underpinnings, and the basic aspects of the relation between servitisation and optimalisation of economic structure, as well as the optimum relationship among particular sectors of the economy. The author stresses that servitisation should not happen to the detriment of the other economic sectors.

11

Renaissance of the European Union’s Industrial Policy

100%

Ambroziak A. A.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

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2014

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tom 17

S.37-58

EN

After the economic crisis of 2008–2010 the Member States, instead of improving cooperation and deepening their integration within the Internal Market of the EU, began thinking about public interventions, including changes in state aid rules and the introduction of a new industrial policy. The concept of a new industrial policy is subordinated to the Europe 2020 strategy, although achieving its targets may in some instances contradict the main goal: increasing the competitiveness of the EU’s entrepreneurs. Moreover the European Commission established the goal of reversing the declining role of manufacturing, which in 2012 stood at the level of around 16 per cent of GDP, aiming to increase its level to 20 per cent of GDP by 2020, although this is not the EU industry competitiveness index. Due to the many statements, declarations and letters issued by the Member States about the need for a new industrial policy, it is important to identify the real industrial leaders of the EU and their approach to public interventions within the internal market.

12

Zmeny krajiny v rumunskom Bihore (na príklade slovenskej enklávy Borumlak a Varzaľ

88%

Chrastina P. , Krovakova K. , Bruna V.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2007

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tom 34

371-398

EN

The present landscape in the villages of Borumlak and Varzaľ, Bihor resulted from gradual changes of the landscape influenced by economic and other human activities. The beginning of anthropogenic cultivation of the thickly forested territory on the south-eastern edge of the Barcau Valley, just between Dernianska Highlands and Sedmohradske Rudohorie (Mountains) can be noticed in the early primaeval ages (the neolithic period), or during the Bronze Age and in the Middle Ages. The most significant changes in the structure of the local landscape occurred only after the arrival of Slovaks in 1790 who settled down in Borumlak and established Varzal'. Subsequent human interventions into the natural structure of the landscape continued the trends started in the past. Logging continued to be the primary motive and soon agriculture (growing of grain), potatoes and technical plants were added. A part of the deforested areas was turned into meadows and clearings which have not lost their importance by now. The character of the morphosculpture geo-relief, geological substrate, altitude, exposure and steepnes of slopes restricted the agricultural activities in the given area. The commencement of coal mining in Varzal' in the 1950s was a significant threshold in the development of cultural landscape of the researched region. The territory with features of agricultural countryside gradually transformed into a temporary agricultural & industrial landscape where mining works were also present including the relevant infrastructure (a narrow gauge railway). And after the reduction, or discontinuation of mining activities, some of these phenomena have remained in the region and have enhanced the landscape structure of the region till now. From the point of view of Slovaks from Bihor the first phase of re-emigration to Czechoslovakia (in 1946/48) did not result in changes in the utilisation of the cultural landscape in the region. This was caused by arrival of new people from mountainous regions or delimitation of abandoned farms to Roman people. The applied approach enables us to document changes which affected the landscape in the researched territory from the oldest times till now fairly well - whereas the period after 1790 is emphasized (arrival of Slovak colonists in Borumlak and establishing of Varzaľ) which was important for strengthening the identity in Romanian Bihor and preservation of the cultural heritage for future generations.

13

Osoblyvosti sotsial'no-ekonomichnoho mekhanizmu upravlinnya trudovym potentsialom pidpryyemstv kharchovoyi promyslovosti

63%

Sherep A. V. , Dashko I. M.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2012

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tom 4 (58)

88-93

EN

In the article the features of socio-economic mechanism of management are exposed by labour potential of enterprises of food industry. Certain organizational approaches and methodology of research of labour potential of enterprise. Worked out to recommendation in relation to overcoming of existent problems of economic development of enterprises of food industry.

14

Normatyvno-pravove zabezpechennya derzhavnoho rehulyuvannya ahrarnoho sektoru

63%

Vdovenko N. M.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2014

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tom 4 (66)

100-110

EN

The paper highlights the results of the studies and identifies current trends of the use of normative methods of regulating the agricultural sector, which occupy an important place laws to lengthy legal regulation of the production of agricultural produce. In the article the observed inefficiency of the legal methods of regulating it in the key sectors of the agricultural sector, including aquaculture. The results of the research that will contribute to further smooth and rational use of water bodies, land under this body of water or hydraulic structures of the bodies of water that are in use on a rental basis. The features of the functioning areas of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and grounded shortcomings of the current regulation.