The aim of this paper is to detect business cycles of the Visegrad countries using Markov-switching approach and to examine their synchronicity with the Euro Area aggregate as one of the inevitable conditions for optimal common monetary policy implementation. Unlike previous studies, we provide a further analysis by the use of disaggregated data in order to achieve a detailed look at the co-movement of the production and find the highest level of the synchronization within the capital and intermediate goods sector. On the contrary, non-durable consumer goods production can be identified as a potential demand-based source of the asymmetric shocks due to the lowest rate of concordance. The results on the aggregated level complemented with the Hodrick-Prescott filtered data suggest a medium-to-high level of synchronization, although its increase in time cannot be confirmed for all Visegrad countries.
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Economic information and data can be treated as a product, and there are companies that specialise in gathering such data for entrepreneurs, called credit reference agencies or credit bureaus. The date provided by these companies is supposed to assist entrepreneurs in taking business decisions. In his article, the author presents the notion of economic information and industrial espionage, the legal basis for such activities in Poland, and the breaches of regulations related to the profession, which has appeared in our country only recently.
The modern enterprise, which represents aggregate interests of many stakeholders forces, do operates on competitive markets, and in close interdependence of activities and interests with contractors, customers, suppliers, intermediaries, competitors and others. To achieve sustainable competitive advantage businesses it is needed to develop a successful business model for a particular time, particular market and environment. The dynamics of the latter do requires an enterprise to take timely and unique kind of decision related to business model on a market. The paper discusses theoretical foundations of the process of business modeling and the main components that form the production capacity of enterprises. The process of business modeling is described as a continuous and ongoing process that requires detailed knowledge and understanding of business, strategic thinking to use challenges of the future, bring business to success and prosperity. The paper underlines that the continued use of inefficient business models and the failure to identify, slow transition to it can cause many domestic companies to significant financial losses and even to bankruptcy. In order to construct a clear business model it is needed to determine proper depth of process decomposition complexity and level of details, and in order to get a complete picture of a business process, it is needed to make atomic decomposition of business functions.
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