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Emissions from marine engines versus IMO certification and requirements of tier 3

100%

Herdzik J.

Journal of KONES

2011

tom Vol. 18, No. 2

161-167

The emission of noxious substances from combustion of marine fuels is restricted in respect of the atmosphere protection and International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. The IMO requirements were determined by time of being in force. The first tier started in 2000 year, the second in 2011, the third will be valid from 2016 and it will be a necessity to comply those last requirements. In case of NOx - between the first and second tier the emission was limited 20%, while the next step will be limited 80% of the first. This is a very great challenge; because in nowadays marine diesel engines and marine heavy and diesel oils generally applied, it would seem impossible comply those requirements. It was formed environmental controlled areas of NOx emission (ECA) and they will extend. It was determined controlled areas of SOx (SECA). Governments of some countries (USA, Norway) were introduced on own territorial waters the requirements of NOx and SOx emission. In case of exceeding the limits (or a lack of the proper certificate) it was imposed an ecological charge (a form of tax). In Norway from this charge it was created a fund. It is possible to receive a subvention for some actions like an exchange of marine equipment for new one with proper certificate. In the paper it was given an attention to the waiting new challenges for engine producers and ship-owners of fulfilling tier 3 standards or search new substitute solutions.

The IMO instruments for ensure safety transportation of dangerous goods

75%

Popek M. , Bogalecka M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2007

tom Vol. 1, no. 2

207--210

International Maritime Organization and Governments should have the possibility to establish permanent arrangements in order to ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods. The successful application of regulations concerning the transport of dangerous goods is greatly depend on the appreciation by all persons concerneds of the risks involved and on a detailed understanding of the regulations.

Multidimensional presentation of radar image

63%

Waz M. , Stupak T. , Szklarski A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2007

tom Vol. 1, no. 2

181--183

The modern navigation radar has no 3D visualization creation possibility. Digital signal processing technology progress gave the new possibilities in radar data transforming process to many kinds of digital picture representation. The picture saving methodes was upgraded last time and tools used during picture transformation become popular and useful. For instance the RSC (Radar Scan Converter) – digital radar picture recording and transforming tool can be used to create new picture on line. The 3D radar picture creating become easy and fast because of modern computer graphic techniques. The radar 3D digital picture creating should be standardized with 3D digital chart creating by IMO, because the navigation near future will be probably based on digital information created in digital devices.