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Analysis of the Effectiveness of Biological Plant Protection on Sunflower Productivity under Different Cenosis Density under the Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

100%

Domaratskiy Y. , Kovalenko O. , Kachanova T. , Pichura V. , Zadorozhnii Y.

tom Vol. 24, iss. 9

45--54

The purpose of the article was to determine how foliar treatments of plants with environmentally friendly combined-action substances affect the yield of new sunflower hybrids under non-irrigated conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. The field experiments were conducted in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under non-irrigated conditions on southern chernozem. The humus content in the arable soil layer was 2.90%, the depth of the humus layer was 0–30 cm, and the transitional layer was 30–60 cm. The research was conducted by establishing a three-factor field experiment, where factor A was sunflower hybrids of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine - Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravy and Epikur; factor B – different plant densities (30, 40 and 50 thousand/ha) and factor C – treatment of vegetative plants in the phase of budding with substances of biological origin (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance and Biocomplex BTU). The field experiment was located on the winter wheat forecrop. Fertilizers were applied during the main cultivation at a dose of N30P30K30. Sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 70 cm in the last decade of April. Yield accounting and the evaluation of the crop structure were carried out by manual threshing of plants selected from the accounting area of the test plots and recalculation by 8% seed moisture. From the results of observations, it was found that the foliar treatments of sunflowers with environmentally friendly combined-action substances contributed to the prolongation of the interphase periods in the second half of the growing season of all studied hybrids. Treatment of plants with environmentally friendly substances helped to reduce the level of damage to all hybrids by pathogenic microflora, the highest fungicidal efficacy was observed in Hela Fit Combi and Organic Balance. All hybrids formed the highest yields at a density of 40 thousand units/ha. Dense plantings up to 50 thousand units/ha were inferior in yield to the ones with a planting density of 40 thousand units/ha and were almost at the same level as the ones with 30 thousand units/ha. Hybrids Yarylo, Epikur and Yaskravy were significantly inferior in productivity; however, their foliar treatments also had a similar tendency to increase their productivity.

Optimization of Water Consumption of High-Oleic Sunflower Hybrids under Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

86%

Domaratskiy Y. , Kozlova O. , Dobrovol'skiy A. , Bazaliy V.

tom Vol. 23, nr 6

14--21

The article is devoted to highlighting the results of field studies conducted during 2019–2021 on the influence of multifunctional growth-regulating drugs with a fungicidal effect Architecttm and Helafit Combi on the productivity and optimization of water consumption of high-oleic sunflower hybrids in non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study was carried out under non-irrigated conditions in the experimental field of the “Mykolaiv DSDS IZZ NAAS” state institution of Ukraine (GPS: 46.980168, 32.148075) on southern low-humus chernozems. The program of scientific research provided for the foundation of a two – factor field experiment, in which sunflower hybrids were studied, namely Hector and Oplot (originator-V. Y. Yuryev Institute of crop production); DSL403 and P64GE133 (manufacturer Corteva, Brevant) and 8X477KL (manufacturer Dow Seeds). In the experiment, multifunctional growth – regulating preparations of chemical origin, i.e. Architecttm, and biological origin, i.e. Helafit Combi, were used. They were introduced in the form of foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids in the Phase 6–8 of real leaves with a rate of 1 l/ha. The weather conditions in 2019–2021 can be classified as medium – arid, typical for this growing zone, but the most favorable year was 2021. As for the temperature indicators, the average monthly air temperature for the study years was higher than the corresponding long-term average data. The results of three-year field studies showed that foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids of high-oleic type with Architect and Helafit Combi multifunctional preparations had a positive effect on improving growing conditions and increasing plant resistance to stress from high temperatures and lack of moisture. The study preparations contribute to a more economical use of soil moisture for the formation of a crop unit, as evidenced by a decrease in the water consumption coefficient for all the studied hybrids. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 1283 m3/t was found in the P64GE133 hybrid under the conditions of treatment of sunflower plants with a Helafit Combi combined preparation of biological origin. Foliar treatment of plants with combined growth-regulating preparations led to optimization of water consumption of agrocenosis in general.