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POST LEUCOTOMY SYNDROMES - AN ATTEMPT AT A CURRENT APPRAISAL

100%

Steuden M.

Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)

2006

tom 14

125-139

Prefrontal leucotomy was a neurosurgical treatment procedure widely used in people with mental diseases in the 50's of the previous century. This provided ample empirical material documenting the behaviour of persons with operationally induced lesions in the frontal lobes of the brain. Since the surgical procedure affected strictly specified areas of the patients, several separate syndromes of symptoms can be distinguished. This diversity can be attributed to multiple causes, such as different primary diseases in patients undergoing the operation or the severity of various clinical syndromes, which is associated with different impact the syndromes exerted on the structure and the function of the brain and this could be more powerful than the very effect of leucotomy - serious brain damage. It is possible to analyse individual character of cerebral - psychic relationships in the patients undergoing the operation. It is also possible to notice the similarity between the behaviour of the people after leucotomy with the features of schizoid, narcissist, borderline and posttraumatic behaviours.

Different developmental rates of selected brain structures in humans

88%

Dambska M. , Kuchna I.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1996

tom 56

nr 1

83-93

Various rates of development are characteristic for particular structures of the human central nervous system (CNS). The differences of the maturing brain steam and telencephalon are evident in routine neuropathological examination. The fetal and postnatal archi- and neocortex also reveals uneven levels of maturation. In order to precisely describe those differences in humans we performed a morphological and morphometric study on the dorsal vagal nucleus of the medulla oblongata, on Ammon's horn and on neocortex from midgestation to the 18th postnatal month. The numerical density of neurones, cell perikarya andnuclear cross-sectional area, and the ratio of nucleus to perikaryon area were measured. The results demonstrate a development-dependent decrease in cell density and progressive differentiation of neurones according to their changing size. They express a process of maturation which differs in rate across the CNS structures examined.

Reduced degree of long-range phase synchrony in pathological human brain

75%

Bhattacharya J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2001

tom 61

nr 4

309-318

In this paper multivariate spontaneous EEG signals from three broad groups of human subjects - control, seizure, and mania - were studied with the aim of investigating the possible effect of these pathologies on the degree of phase synchronization between cortical areas. The degree of phase synchrony was measured by two recently developed measures which are more suitable than classical indices like correlation or coherence when dealing with nonlinear and non-stationary signals like the EEG. Signals were reduced to seven frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 and gamma) which were statistically compared between the normal and the other two groups. It was found that the degree of long-range synchrony was significantly reduced for both pathological groups as compared with the control group. No clear differences were found in the degrees of short-range synchrony.