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Synteza i zastosowanie aldehydu hydroksypiwalowego

100%

Monasterska E. , Siewniak A. , Pankalla E. , Chrobok A.

tom T. 100, nr 1

62--66

Aldehyd hydroksypiwalowy (HPA) jest półproduktem do wytwarzania wielu cennych związków wykorzystywanych m.in. w przemyśle farb i lakierów, w przemyśle farmaceutycznym oraz w produkcji tworzyw sztucznych jako dodatki podnoszące ich jakość. Na skalę przemysłową HPA otrzymuje się w wyniku kondensacji krzyżowej aldehydu izomasłowego z formaldehydem wobec katalizatorów zasadowych. Przedstawiono metody syntezy HPA ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem stosowanych układów katalitycznych.

A review, with 37 refs., of methods for synthesis and applications of hydroxypivaldehyde.

FPGA Adaptive Predistorter Based on 64QAM Modulation

94%

Pochmara J. , Katarzyński P.

tom Vol. 56, No. 4

387-392

This paper presents a predistortion technique compensating for nonlinear distortions caused by HPA (High Power Amplifier) in a QAM (Multilevel Quadrature Modulation) system. Investigations were held both with software and hardware tools. It is confirmed by computer simulation that proposed approach produces a faster convergence speed than traditional computer performed algorithms. Predistortion technique based on programmable logic device is a very attractive from the implementation point of view, because of a low amount of required RAM and rapid convergence from a blind start.

The effects of 1-methylnaphthalene after inhalation exposure on the serum corticosterone levels in rats

71%

Świercz R. , Stępnik M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2020

tom 33

nr 5

691-699

ObjectivesThis paper reports on the trend of the stressogenic stimulus caused by a repeated exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) vapors at the nominal concentrations of 0 mg/m3 (the control restrainer), 50 mg/m3 or 200 mg/m3 in the nose-only inhalation system, by analyzing the serum corticosterone (CORT) levels in rats.Material and MethodsThree groups of rats were exposed in restrainers to 1-MN vapors at the nominal concentrations of 0 mg/m3, 50 mg/m3 or 200 mg/m3 for 5 days. One control group of animals spent all the time during the experiment in an individually ventilated plastic cage. The serum CORT concentrations were determined in all 4 groups of the rats. The blood samples drawn from the tail vein were collected every day after termination of the 6-h exposure. On the fifth day, blood samples were collected 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, and 3 h after termination of the 6-h exposure.ResultsOn the fifth day of the study, no statistically significant changes in body weights between all groups of animals were found. After 5 days of the observation, increased food intake in the control groups was noted. Significantly higher CORT concentrations in the rats exposed to 1-MN at 200 mg/m3 and in the animals from the control restrainer were found, comparing to the animals exposed to 1-MN at 50 mg/m3 and the animals from the control cage.ConclusionsThe application of 6-h restraining induced high concentrations of the stress hormone, CORT, in the blood of rats. The short-term exposure of rats to 1-MN non-linearly reduced the restraint stress measured with CORT concentration.