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1 Meritum – Rocznik Koła Naukowego Doktorantów-Historyków Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie
1 Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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The Hitler’s Machtegreifung And Polish Nationalist Movement Towards ‘Jewish Question’

100%

Krzywiec G.

nr 2(14)

559-568

To understand what was happening in Polish political life in the 1930s regarding the ‘Jewish question’ one needs to look back to at least the second half of the 1920s. The early form of Polish pre -fascist organisation – not counting minuscule, insignificant groups and circles – was the Camp of Great Poland established in 1926 as a nationalist answer to Pilsudski’s coup d’etat. At the very beginning Pilsudski’s regime borrowed from Mussolini’s model, especially in rhetoric.1 But if a fascist regime was not introduced in Poland until 1935, it was because of lack of support and resistance amongst the regime’s elites and Pilsudski himself. On the other hand the semi -nationalistic climate under Pilsudski’s regime favoured the growth of real facist -style movements.

WOKÓŁ INTENCJONALISTYCZNYCH I FUNKCJONALISTYCZNYCH PRÓB WYJAŚNIENIA ZAGŁADY

75%

Pietrzykowski S.

tom VIII

285-310

The Intentionalism-Functionalism division, occurring since the end of the end of II World War, methodically constructed at late 60. of the XX century, has a significant impact on the development of the Holocaust Studies and marks its presence in most studies and/or discussions concerning the Holocaust. In this paper I will try to characterize these two scholarly approaches, with particular emphasis on the differences between them. Explaining the origins of the Holocaust, the Intentionalists underline the fundamental importance of the Nazi ideology, whose basic assumptions (racism, anti-Semitism, Pan-Germanism) established by Adolf Hitler as early as the early twenties, and were consequently carried out thereafter (hence the Intentionalist are being alternatively called as „programmers” or „planners”). On the other hand, the Functionalists sought the driving force in a dynamic, practically unstoppable process of bureaucratization (both civil and military). In war conditions this process led to genocide, resulting more from improvisation than assumed, overall plan – its main instigators were not the eminent leaders but rather lower- or average-level officials, the representatives of aforementioned bureaucratization. By deliberating over the image of Hitler and his role in the implementation of the so-called „Final Solution of the Jewish Question”, the issue of key relevance for both Intentionalism and Functionalism, I will be able to focus, at least fragmentarily, on the questions of methodology or historical sources, and to introduce major books/most prominent figures. The methodological disagreements often led to serious conflicts, like the discussed one between Marxist historian Timothy Mason, who declared himself as Functionalist, and liberal-conservative Intentionalists, such as Klaus Hildebrand and Karl Dietrich Bracher. However, despite certain differences, there are also some similarities, which do not exclude the possibility for dialogue.