Technological advances are contributing to the search for highly efficient energy designs, and increasing interest in compact heat exchangers. Indeed, small channel diameters determine large heat transfer coefficients and condition a significant heat transfer area about the overall volume of the heat exchanger, as well as a smaller amount of refrigerant flowing in the system. Nevertheless, the operat-ing stability and energy efficiency of compact heat exchangers are influenced by two-phase flow structures, which depend on thermal flow parameters. Knowledge of the structures formed during the condensation process is therefore essential for optimising the operation of re-frigeration and air-conditioning equipment. This article presents the results from experimental studies of the HFE7100 refrigerant, from the hydrofluorocarbon group, condensation process in mini-channels with hydraulic diameters dh = 2.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm. Thermal flow characteristics were determined, and the forming structures of two-phase flow were recorded. The results of visualisation were subjected to morphological image analysis, based on a special algorithm written in MATLAB software. The algorithm makes it possi-ble to determine the void fraction, which is necessary for calculating the vapour quality, as well as the area of vapour bubbles and their number, directionality and length along the x- and y-axes.
This paper presents results concerning the experimental investigation of a five-stage prototypical axial-flow microturbine operating in an ORC installation. The microturbine has an electrical capacity of 3 kW at the nominal rotational speed of 12000 rpm and is supplied with a low-boiling medium's vapour HFE7100. During the test, both the full vibration frequency distribution and the overall level of the velocity vibrations RMS in the microturbine were measured. A spectral analysis of vibration velocity was conducted during the grind-in process after a modernisation of the shrouding bandage of the microturbine set's flow system took place. The article presents the operational characteristics of the ORC system as well as the characteristics showing the electric power produced as the function of rotational speed of the microturbine. On the basis of the results obtained, there was assessed the dynamic performance of the microturbine and it was ranked according to ISO 10816-1 standard. The paper also shows the measurement results of the so-called kurtosis within the frequency range of 15 to 30 kHz, which made it possible to evaluate the dynamic state of the rolling bearings by which the microturbine rotor was supported.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań poziomu drgań podczas rozbiegu prototypowej 5-stopniowej osiowej mikroturbiny pracującej w obiegu Rankine'a. Mikroturbina o nominalnej mocy 3 kW i prędkości obrotowej 12000 obr/min była zasilana parą czynnika niskowrzącego HFE7100. Podczas badań zmierzono rozkłady częstotliwościowe oraz ogólny poziom prędkości drgań Vrms mikroturbiny w zależności od prędkości obrotowej. Przedstawiono analizę prędkości drgań podczas docierania i po modernizacji bandaży układu przepływowego mikroturbozespołu. Zamieszczono charakterystyki pracy obiegu ORC oraz charakterystyki mocy elektrycznej w zależności od prędkości obrotowej mikroturbiny. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników oceniono stan dynamiczny mikroturbiny oraz zaklasyfikowano badaną maszynę przepływową wg normy ISO 10816-1. W pracy zamieszczono wyniki pomiarów tzw. kurtozy w przedziale 15-30 kHz na podstawie której wykonano ocenę stanu łożysk tocznych układu wirującego mikroturbiny.
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