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1 Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

1 2011

1 Machowski W.

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Graves beneath barrows on Ancient necropoleis in the North-Pontic area

100%

Machowski W.

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

2011

tom 15

127-149

Under the barrows of the necropoleis on ancient cities in the North-Pontic area one can find different types of graves: 1) earthen graves (pit, niche or small chamber tombs); 2) cist graves (built of terracotta tiles, dried bricks or stone slabs); 3) stone-built chamber tombs. The types of the graves vary mainly depending on the specific period and the necropolis. In the early period of the colonization Greeks buried their dead in simple graves, primarily in pit graves, whose walls were lined sometimes with wood, roof-tiles or stone slabs. In the 5th century BC on the necropoleis of ancient cities in the North-Pontic area niche graves appeared. Starting from mid 4th century BC niche tombs have undergone a gradual evolution into massive chamber tombs, sometimes built of stone. These types of tombs became the most popular, with mounds built over them. The greatest period of development of under-kurgan burials was in 4th-3rd centuries BC. Within this period the largest amount of the greatest and most complex tombs under the barrows were created. Examples of these are the great stone chamber tombs in the necropolis of Pantikapaion. After a period of decay in the erecting burial mounds in 2nd-1st centuries BC, due to the economic situation of Greek colonies, this custom was revived again in the 1st-2nd centuries AD. The most interesting examples of tombs of this period are the barrows built at the necropolis of Olbia.