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Od prawdziwego pieniądza, przez prawdziwych kierowników, do prawdziwych przedsiębiorstw

100%

Sadownik H.

nr nr 9

8-11

Cztery lata już trwa powrót naszej gospodarki do gospodarki rynkowej. Ponad czterdziestoletni eksperyment tworzenia gospodarki centralnie planowanej zakończył się definitywnie niepowodzeniem. Obecnie realizowany proces transformacji to jakby wielki powrót, z drogi, która, jak niektórzy sądzili, miała prowadzić do ziemi obiecanej. Powrót do gospodarki rynkowej to ogromne zadanie. Wszystkie odstępstwa od gospodarki wolnorynkowej, które poprzednio wprowadzono, należy obecnie wyeliminować i ponadto uwzględnić rozwój systemu wolnorynkowego, który dokonał się w minionym czasie. (abstrakt oryginalny)

The agricultural reform of 1981 and the competition for resources between peasant farms and state-owned farms in the 1980s

51%

Grala D. T.

nr nr 1

100-129

In the economy of the Polish People's Republic in the field of agriculture, the key resources which were a subject of competition included: land; production assets (machines, devices, tools for agricultural production, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals) and people necessary to work on farms and for farms. The command economy of the times of the People's Republic of Poland was an example of an economy of permanent shortages, which increased in times of crises of the entire system. The collapse of 1979-1982 was such a socio-economic crisis. The Trade Union of Independent Farmers' "Solidarity", which was part of the great social protest movement in 1980-1981, forced a change in the communist regime's approach to the peasantry and, together with other pressure groups, contributed to the implementation of the agricultural reform covering the entire sphere of agriculture and not only its state farm segment. The reform of 1981, initiated by the Rzeszów-Ustrzyki agreements, gradually changed the living situation of farmers and, above all, led to changes in the profitability of agricultural production and the legalization of trade in meat products at marketplaces as well as the release of prices for food products in 1989. Peasant farms won the competition with state-owned farms for capital resources - new production factors, and they expanded their land acreage (land factor). Farmers, however, were losing competition for workers in confrontation with industry and services in cities and stateowned farms, where farm workers could count on very generous social benefits. (original abstract)

What was the direction of the reform of the PRL (Polish People's Republic) economy in the eighties?

51%

Kaliński J.

nr nr 1

83-99

In the 1980s, the communist authorities of Poland, forced by the dire economic and social situation, undertook a number of attempts to reform the centrally managed economy. By deciding on limited liberalization, they simultaneously secured the economic foundations of the government, which was dominated by the public sector. The Polish version of perestroika was, thus, implemented in order to balance the economy. However, like the Soviet model, it was a tactical move, essentially to consolidate the centrally managed economy. The economic hybrid that emerged from the partial reforms, contrary to the intentions of its creators, did not weaken, but rather strengthened deep crisis phenomena. Their inhibition became the main goal of the democratic government formed in 1989 and the radical economic reforms associated with the name of Leszek Balcerowicz. The departure from the reforms of the centrally managed economy and the undertaking of consistent market transformation resulted in measurable economic successes. They were particularly visible against the background of the economy of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, whose authorities had abandoned comprehensive and consistent market reforms.(original abstract)