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A case of decapitation from Giza

100%

Lebedev M. , Dobrovolskaya M. , Mednikova M.

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nr 21

106-119

EN

In 2010, the Russian archaeological mission at Giza excavated chamber 2B of tomb GE 19 at the eastern edge of the necropolis and discovered an intact burial there. The male found in the chamber had been decapitated, and the skull with the lower jaw was lying separately from the postcranial skeleton on a layer of clean sand facing east. The paper discusses the archaeological context of the burial, the paleopathology, and the possible reasons for this rare case of decapitation dating back to the Old Kingdom.

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Patyna na skałach podłoża oraz blokach piramid w Giza i Abu Roasz, Egipt

88%

Zalewski F.

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tom 1

161-168

EN

The hill of Abu Rowash is situated on the edge of the Western Desert at the southern end of the Nile Delta about fifteen kilometers North West from Cairo where a cone-shaped pit of roughly is located. In the central part of the area, the measured diameter of the structure is up to 30 meters and the deep is up to 15 meters, respectively. Both the size and the shape of the object could indicated its impact origin. The samples of calcareous rocks which were collected from the central part of the crater and from the base have been examined both, in the University of Science and Technology in Cracow and the Jagiellonian University laboratories. Analyzed rock samples were classified as an organogenic micrite-sparite limestone. Some clasts commonly represented by shells from the inner walls of the crater, reflect traces of a shock wave. The another fossilized shells which are presented in the epicentral part of the crater has dark, macroscopic well-observed inclusions. The surrounding rocks of the crater have numerous fractures in the less metamorphosed layers. The border zone observed in thin sections is developed as an amorphous layer. The SEM-EDS analysis affirmed that the transparent coating is carbon (C) which is separated from the limestone by a thin layer of sulfates. A more detailed analysis of the sulfates between the calcitedolomite rock and the layer of carbon revealed the presence of the mettalic iron. The results of the investigation confirm the hypothesis about the craters being formed as a result of an impact by some extraterrestrial matter. Patina present on the rock was probably formed during the high temperature process. The above conditions could be a result of the impact of meteorite, which contained metallic elements and high amounts of graphite.

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Staroegyptské měděné a bronzové artefakty v Egyptském muzeu Lipské univerzity. Průběžná zpráva o projektu

71%

Odler M. , Kmošek J. , Jamborová T. , Msallamová Š. , Kmoníčková M. , Šálková K.

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nr 16

37-46

EN

This article presents a preliminary report on the first results of the interdisciplinary project Early copper metallurgy in Ancient Egypt- a case study of the material from Agyptisches Museum - Georg Steindorff - der Universitat Leipzig, in cooperation of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Institute of Chemistry and Technology in Prague and the Egyptian Museum in Leipzig. The project is focused on the analysis of a selected corpus of artefacts from ancient Egyptian and Nubian sites (fig. 1 ). The analysed material was found in greatest part at the Egyptian sites of Abusir, Abydos and Giza and at the Nubian site of Aniba (fig. 2). The artefacts represent an outline of the development of ancient Egyptian metallurgy over more than one and half millennia, from the First Dynasty (ca 3100 - 2900 BC) until almost the end of the New Kingdom (ca 1200 BC). The selected corpus of artefacts has been documented by X-ray radiography and computer tomography last year at the Institute of Mineralogy, Crystallography and Material Science of the Leipzig University. In all, 86 artefacts were then sampled and almost 100 samples obtained. The results of a metallography and SEMIEDS analysis of five selected artefacts, representing five different chronological stages of the corpus, are discussed in this article (Table 1 ). The first one is a Dynasty 1 vessel from Abusir South (AMUL 2162; Fig. 3). This bowl was hammered out of copper sheet, with high contents of Ni, As and Fe. Non-metallic admixtures of copper sulfides are present in the inner structure, which is highly deformed by the hammering. The second is an Old Kingdom vessel from Giza made of arsenical copper, hammered and annealed (AMUL 2169; Figs. 4-5). The third is a lugged and decorated Middle Kingdom axe blade, hammered and annealed and made of copper with admixtures of As, Fe and S (AMUL 3952; Fig. 6). The fourth is a pair of tweezers from a C-Group tumulus N83 at Aniba, which was made by the cold hammering of arsenical copper, but with rather surprising amount (1 .0%) of tin (AMUL 4647; Figs. 7-8). The fifth is the middle part of an early Dynasty 18 dagger cast from a tin bronze alloy (AMUL 2153; Figs. 9- 1 0). A poster with the analysis of the XRF results was presented at the 41st International Symposium on Archaeometry at Kalamata (Greece) and received honorable mention from The Society for Archaeological Sciences in the Best Student Poster competition (Kmosek - Odler et a/. 2016). All samples will be submitted to neutron activation analysis, and the selected corpus will be also analysed for lead isotope ratios.

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Piramidy niebezpieczne w budowie

44%

Orlowski B.

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nr 03

25-27