It is commonly accepted that the existence of entropy imposes restrictions on the constutive functions in the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations. In the paper: S. Piekarski, "On the Navier- Stokes equation for water" (Archives of Acoustics, 31, 2, 265271, 2006) it has been shown that if the energy per unit mass is a function of the temperature T only, then the pressure p is an arbitrary function of the density - multiplied by the temperature T. Now the general form of the relations between the energy density and the pressure is given (both quantities are understood as functions of the mass density and the temperature). These relations can be approximated in different ways and different approximations suggest different classifications of dense fluids (some of them are similar to the virial expansions).
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In general, the existence of entropy imposes restrictions on the constitutive functions in the Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, it is shown that if the energy per unit mass is a function of the temperature Τ only, then the pressure p is an arbitrary function of the density ρ multiplied by the temperature Τ. However, for many fluids with the properties radically different than ideal gases (the best example here is water) the pressure as a function of ρ and Τ is not of the form p0(ρ)Τ. Therefore the energy density per unit mass in the Navier-Stokes equations for water should depend also on the mass density and the explicit form of this dependence requires further discussion.
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