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„Wychowanie państwowe” w prywatnych niemieckich szkołach powszechnych południowo-zachodniej Wielkopolski w latach trzydziestych XX wieku

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The article deals with the implementation of Józef Piłsudski’s Sanation model of ‘state education’ in private primary schools with German as a medium of instruction, which in the Second Polish Republic in the 1930s functioned in south-western Greater Poland. It was a border area, critical for national security, culturally and historically bound by Polish–German relations. The schools belonged to individual lay people, United Evangelical Church communities or associations of the German national minority. The students, with few exceptions, belonged to the Lutheran Church. Audit reports filed by Polish school inspectorates prove that teaching, ie performance of teachers’ duties, was mainly influenced by current politics and Polish–German relations. Increased political tension in the second half of the 1930s resulted in a decline, though not universal, of ‘state education’, neglect of teaching the Polish language, history and geography, absence of Poland’s White Eagle emblem, separatist tendencies among the minority and a rise in ethnic hostility. Poor training of German teachers for teaching the Polish language was also revealed. Evangelical schools displayed worse results than others, which confirms the point advanced in historiography about the United Evangelical Church’s aversion to Poland.