This paper explores the survival strategies, daily-paths and everyday activities of a group of homeless men in Warsaw who live by scavenging. It is based on data collected during three months (April-June 2008) of participant observation focussed on a street corner in the vicinity of two recycling centres/scrap yards, where a group of waste-picking men after selling the scavenged goods meet and hang out on a daily basis. The place performs multiple functions and is a central point both in their daily-paths, their time-organizing framework and their functions in a group.
The purpose of the study was to find out if the students who attend the classes with ability grouping differ from the students in heterogeneous classes in their school motivation and academic self-efficacy in the various school subjects. We also tried to determine the differences in motivation and self-efficacy between the students in the low-, medium- and high-ability groups. The experimental group (EG) was composed of 584 students attending ability-grouped classes and the control group (CG) comprised 303 students attending the heterogeneous classes. The data on motivation and self-efficacy were collected three times during the years 2000-2002. In general, we can conclude that no differences were found in the level of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the students attending the classes with the partial setting and the students attending the heterogeneous groups in all the subjects. The results of the study confirmed a decline in students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as in self-efficacy during the two-year interval. The highest intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in all subjects were found in the high ability group and the lowest results were found in the low ability group. The implications for further research and practice concerning ability grouping in the primary schools are discussed. .
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