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CLAY DAUB KOLOVÉ STAVBY LENGYELSKEJ KULTÚRY. PÔDORYSY, INTERIÉR A ICH FUNKCIA

100%

Pavúk J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2012

tom 60

nr 2

251 – 284

The origin of the Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture formed on the basis of the final Linear Pottery Culture and its Želiezovce group in the primary territory of the western part of Carpathian Basin brought an essential change in all economic, social and cultural areas. In addition to monumental circle objects, the extent of changes is shown also by a principally new ground-plan and construction of stockade buildings. The construction of the garret in the house meant a main innovation in the Lengyel Culture building. Unlike the Linear Pottery Culture, there was a substantial change in the house ground-plan, since the construction of the roof frame with the rooftop was moved to the garret. The supporting posts of the roof frame within the house were not necessary anymore, which resulted in a more comfortable living area. The Lengyel Culture architecture, as well as its spiritual and material culture, thus came closer to the building style present in the contemporary cultures of the Tisa River Basin and in the adjacent Balkans, mainly in the Vinča-Pločnik Culture. The author classifies ground-plans of the Lengyel Culture´s stockade buildings according to a form, size, number of rooms, as well as according to the kind of foundations (post holes, foundation channels) and distinguishes nine types with variants. Changes in the development of buildings were occurring concordantly with the development stages of the culture, and the differences were tied to regional groups of Lengyel Culture. There occur also two types of small stockade buil-dings – with floors and stockade construction in a deep ditch (Těšetice-Kyjovice, Osterhofen-Schmiedorf), and above ground (Branč). In the underground part there could be a cellar covered with a floor, and in the overground part a granary. The clay models of buildings with the depicted clay plaster on the whole surface including the roof frame (Kočín, Střelice, Horná Seč), depict overground granaries for corn. The clay plaster over the whole surface isolated the construction against fire. Little stockade buildings served as a farm facilities, as well as granaries for corn. Remnants of a burnt house from the settlement in a dry river bed in Budmerice document the existence of a garret, interior and equipment of a house belonging to the Ludanice group of the Late Lengyel Culture. The atypical house contained three fireplaces around which there were containers and pairs of clay discs. The characterised house types were built at the time following the decline of Linear Pottery Culture and preceding the origin of the Baden Culture.

STAVEBNÍ VÝVOJ HOSPODÁŘSKÝCH STAVEB STŘEDOVĚKÉ VESNICE NA MORAVĚ

84%

Nekuda R.

Študijné zvesti

2008

nr 43

95 - 121

This work focuses on the medieval homestead by analysing finds acquired by systematic archaeological surveys on sites of deserted medieval villages. These surveys have proved that the most significant change both in the structure of settlements and in the development of particular villages occurred in the course of the 13the century. This work focuses on resolving the question of the origin and development of the homestead and its internal integration of residential as well as auxiliary buildings. Archaeological research has shown that the basic layout of the three-part house does in fact vary to some extent, as was determined by excavations in the deserted villages of Konůvky and Bystřec. Excavations in Bystřec have delimited several alterations of the layout including single-chamber houses and two-part houses. Research to date has shown that it is not possible to generalize the house types according to findings in one locality. On the contrary, research has shown that regional peculiarities did indeed exist. Within Moravia there is a difference between the south-western and central parts of the region. Changes in the agricultural system also played an important role. The change in the layout of the house took place simultaneously with the development of the yard, where all the auxiliary buildings were located. The yard was eventually filled with stables, granaries, barns, haylofts and sheds. The village of Mstěnice was best equipped with the above-mentioned types of structures. A rising production of grain meant that more buildings were necessary for storage: barns could serve as storage rooms for some time, as the threshing only took place during the winter months.