Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ŠPECIFICKÉ ČRTY NEMECKÉHO NÁREČIA HAUERLANDU, JEHO SÚČASNÝ STAV A PERSPEKTÍVY

100%

Molnárová A.

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nr 1

23 - 39

XX

For centuries, Germans have been a natural part of the demographic structure in our territory. The beginnings of German settlement date back to the 11th century and relate to the development of mining towns and the extraction of mineral resources in Upper Hungary. The Germans significantly enriched cultural, social, and economic life. Despite many external influences, they have retained their specific culture, way of life and mother tongue for centuries. It is the specifics of the German dialect on the territory of Slovakia that are the subject of the present paper. In the introduction, a brief history of the development of German settlement in Upper Hungary is presented. The intention of the paper is to describe and characterize the dialect of the northern part of Hauerland from the phonetic and phonological point of view of segmental phenomena of vocalism and consonantism. We are concerned with the geographical delimitation of the locality we are studying. Subsequently, we present information on the dialect specifics in selected localities of the northern part of the Hauerland language island, based on available information print and electronic sources, as well as on our own field research. In the conclusion of the paper, we characterize the current state of the use of the German dialect in the villages of Malinová, Tužina and in the town of Nitrianske Pravno. The theoretical information is supplemented by the statements obtained from informants during the field research.

2

8/9 MAY 1945 IN THE MEMORY OF GERMANS AND POLES (8/9 maja 1945 roku w pamieci Niemców i Polaków)

100%

Korzeniewski B.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2011

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nr 1(338)

83-103

EN

The text looks at the ways the date of 8/9 May 1945 is perceived in the memory of Poles and Germans - in the official memory (anniversary celebrations), public memory (press and media) as well as common memory (historical awareness, family memory). The author traces the dimensions between different levels of memory and evolutions of the image of the end of the war in Poland - before and after the breakthrough of 1989, and in Germany - before and after reunification.

3

EIN ISOLIERTES KÖRPERGRAB AUS DEM 1. JH. N. CHR. VOM GERMANISCHEN FÜRSTENSITZ IN ZOHOR, WESTSLOWAKEI

100%

Elschek K.

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2021

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tom 69

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nr suppl 2

199 – 206

EN

Skeletal graves from the north regionof the Middle Danube are quite rare, because the cremation burials significantly predominated. In Zohor, beside richly equipped princely skeletal graves, also one isolated female skeletal grave of a 50 – 60 years old woman was excavated. It was found in the settlement area from the 1st c. AD. The equipment of the grave was rather poor than rich: two brooches Almgren 68, a small iron knife, bronze needle und two small ceramic vessels. The median of the absolute 14C dating was about 40 AD.

4

„JAK ŚWIATEM NIE BĘDZIE NIEMIEC POLAKOWI BRATEM?”. O REWIZJI HETEROSTEREOTYPU NIEMCA I AUTOSTEREOTYPU WŚRÓD POLAKÓW MIGRUJĄCYCH DO BERLINA

100%

Szczepaniak-Kroll A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2013

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tom 39

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nr 4(150)

95-117

EN

The article is an analysis of the heterostereotype of a German and the autostereotype of a Pole among Polish migrants living in Berlin. The results are based on qualitative research conducted by the author in Germany between 2009 and 2012. The incentive to undertake this topic was the revival of contacts between Poles and Germans associated with Poland’s accession to the European Union and the opening of borders. Among migrants, the EU accession resulted in the emergence of many beliefs concerning an improvement of the image of Poland and Polish people in the West. This article attempts to verify this hypothesis and determine what is the nature and the character of mutual stereotypes, and what functions they perform.

5

SLOVÁCI, NEMCI A REMESLO NA PRÍKLADE VYBRANÝCH PÍSOMNÝCH PARALELNÝCH ŠTATÚTOV Z 18. STOROČIA

100%

Šmeringaiová P.

Slavica Slovaca

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2020

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tom 55

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nr 3

499 – 509

EN

The paper focuses on the Slovak-German relations in the specific area of the guild system. This organised structure has been brought to the territory of former Upper Hungary by German guests. The members of guilds were required to follow strict regulations written and confirmed in articles. We present one of the researched parallel slovak-german manuscripts from the State Archive of Banská Bystrica (C-25/6). Its content, the variations of notation based on the chosen examples from the transliteration can show us the view on coexistence of Slovak and nonslavonic ethnicity.

6

POPULATION TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE KLAIPEDA REGION IN THE 20TH CENTURY (Przemiany narodowosciowe w Kraju Klajpedzkim w XX wieku)

100%

Eberhardt P.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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nr 37

89-102

EN

The Klaipeda Region is now an integral part of Lithuania. This was not, however, always the case; the region has a strong German history. (Its historical German name was Memelland, while in Lithuanian it was called Klaipedos Krastas.) Until 1525, the Klaipeda Region belonged to the Teutonic Order, but later changed hands several times. Initially, it belonged to the Duchy of Prussia (until 1701; and until 1657 was dependent as a fief of Poland), was later controlled by the Kingdom of Prussia (until 1871), and then finally became part of the German Empire (until 1919). For Germans, the province was a historical part of Eastern Prussia until 1945. For Lithuanians, the Klaipeda Region, as well as the area located along the north-eastern part of East Prussia on the south bank of the Neman River, was known as Little Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). The Lithuanians considered this territory to be their own ethnic land, which was wrongfully subjected to gradual Germanization. Before World War II this area was inhabited by Protestants who spoke Lithuanian or German. The 1920 census lists the territory's population at 150,700, of which 71,000 declared German to be their first language, while 67,000 declared Lithuanian. The article first discusses the historical and political background of events in the Klaipeda Region in the first half of the 20th century. Next the author analyzes in a dynamic approach the demographic and ethnic structure of the population. His attention is later focused on the period of World War II when the province was incorporated into the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the Soviet period, a major part of the local population was expelled to Germany, while the remaining residents were identified as either Lithuanians or Russians such that the province was no longer dominated by the Protestant and German speaking population. The final part of the article deals with the present demographic and national situation. As a result of the postwar political and economic migrations, a majority of the people in the province now identify themselves as Lithuanian and Catholic. Lithuania, owing to the port of Klaipeda, has now an unrestricted access to sea.

7

CELTS – THE GERMANS – THE SLAVS. ON THE TOPIC OF ETHNICITY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES OF PROTOHISTORICAL TRIBES

88%

Šalkovský P.

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2021

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tom 69

|

nr suppl 2

479 - 485

EN

The article deals with the capabilities of archaeology and its cooperative scientific disciplines in the study of expressions of protohistorical collective identities’ ethnicity which are rather limited. Nowadays, we have considerable problems with ethnicity of a large group of tribes, the main bearers of the LaTène culture, although considerably numerous historical, linguistic, epigraphic, palaeographic, iconographic and other sources are also available here. Despite this fact, we know that the Celtic tribes were aware of their related identity. Although not all LaTène culture bearers were necessarily Celts, most of them were; at the same time, not all Celtic tribes maintained this culture after being included into the Antique world. We know that also tribes called Germanic were aware of their related identity. It is documented by the facts that they all spoke mutually understandable languages originating from Proto-German and shared very close mythology. Material culture of individual Germanic tribes is rather significant and, in many cases, typical of a tribe; however, in contact with the Roman Empire and the Huns, mainly their elites gave up their tribal and ethnic identity. A large group of tribes was called Sclavini, Anti, Veneti by antique authors of the 6th c. and documented under their own names – Slovene, slovenski narod, slovensko plemja since the 9th c., although they simultaneously used numerous tribal or regional names. Archaeologically, these oldest Slavs are represented by three related cultures – Prague, Penkovka and Koločin, which are interpreted as historically known Sclaveni, Antes and Veneti, from which individual branches of the Slavs developed.

8

“FAMILY SILVER” OR ARTEFACTS (IN) MEMORIES OF FORCIBLY DISPLACED GERMANS

88%

Kreisslová S. , Nosková J.

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tom 67

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nr 2

165 – 184

EN

The study deals with the transmission of family memory in three three-generation families of Germans forcibly displaced from Czechoslovakia, in which the oldest generation, the so-called generation of experience, actually experienced the migration movement after the end of World War II. In the study, the family is seen as a specific social framework in which the past is retrieved. Generations are characterized in a biological sequence, with only the oldest “generation of experience” defined by Karl Mannheim. The research of generational family memory focuses on the actor’s reception through an analysis and interpretation of narrative and oral-history interviews with representatives of generations while exploring the way family memory is mediated. Specifically, the authors inquire into the role the memory media play in their materialised form, i.e. artefacts that act as an impulse and source of remembrance narrative, in the process of generational transmission of memories in families. The focus here is on remembrance narratives related to the forced displacement, which thematise material artefacts, with the focus being not only on what artefacts there are in connection with the recollection of this historical process and what stories are related to them, but also the effort to uncover the meaning and the function of these artefacts during family remembrance.

9

Deutsche Agrarbank für Österreich, hospodářský instrument německého politického agrarismu v českých zemích (1912–1919)

88%

Kubu E. , Novotny J. , Sousa J.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 2

1-22

EN

Deutsche Agrarbank für Oesterreich started its business operations in 1912. The bank reflected the political and economic ambitions of the Deutsche Agrarpartei in Boehmen (German Agrarian Party in Bohemia) that wanted to expand to all Cisleithania. The bank's goals were based on the ideology of agrarianism requiring that the large financial amounts available in the country should be used for the development of rural areas and that their use by other social groups of capitalist business should be prevented. Deutsche Agrarbank für Oesterreich had only two years' time to implement its business plans. During the First World War the bank followed the practice of the other German national banks, which by subscribing war loans demonstrated their belief in the victory of the Central Powers - Germany and Austro-Hungary. The bank could only slowly and with much difficulty recover from the problems caused by the war economy and postwar depression. Although it obtained help from the Czechoslovak State to restore its profitability, as well as some support from Germany and ultimately also from the General Bank Recovery Fund, it remained on the brink of failure during the whole period of time between the two world wars.

10

SOCIÁLNĚ HISTORICKÉ KONTEXTY ČESKÉHO ANTISEMITISMU A ANTINĚMECTVÍ PO VZNIKU ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ REPUBLIKY A JEJICH ODRAZ V DOBOVÉ KARIKATUŘE

88%

Soukupová B.

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tom 67

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nr 1

5 - 21

EN

The Czechoslovak Republic was created as the national state of the Czechs and Slovaks. Although it was based on the ethnic principle, the new state simultaneously assured relatively extensive rights for its national and religious minorities; in the Czech lands primarily for Czech Germans and the structured Jewish minority (in the new state, Jews could claim Jewish nationality and religion, or only Jewish religion).Although the Jewish minority was ideologically and politically heterogeneous and absolutely loyal to the state, it repeatedly became, not for the first time historically, the target of largely socially and ethnically motivated attacks after the foundation of the Republic. However, their nature was escalated even more by the difficult social conditions following World War I and the generally traumatic experience of the unexpected world war. Contemporary journalism helped disseminate the image of Jews as the main culprits who had caused the world war and were responsible for the general post-war destabilisation and shortages, Jews as non-state building residents of the republic, disloyal, pro-German orientated asocial elements, intensified by the image of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina, justly or unjustly accused of operating chain businesses. Contemporary journalism also emphasised the traditional image of Czech Germans as the ancient enemy of the Czech nation, currently accused of starting World War I. The fact that most Czech Germans were truly disloyal citizens of the new state after the foundation of the republic (and again in the 1930s) was balanced by the efforts of the Czechoslovak government to “win the Germans over for the new state” and therefore controlled the suppression of anti-German sentiments which were often linked to anti-Jewish sentiments. The text questions the significance of the image of the national enemy at a time in history that saw the destabilisation of existing socio-political relations, undoubtedly represented by the dissolution of the monarchy and the rise of new national states in Central Europe and their contemporary visualisation.

11

GERMANS OF ODESSA: FROM A PRIVILEGED STATUS TO HUMILIATION (Niemcy Odessy: od uprzywilejowania do upodlenia)

88%

Tyszka S.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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nr 37

103-119

EN

In this work the history of German minority in the Ukrainian city of Odessa has been presented from the beginning of the 18 th century till the present times. An important aspect of this work is to show the two dimensions of German colonization of Ukrainian territories which was concurrently inhabited by the representatives of German intelligence and German entrepreneurs in the cities, as well as by German peasants in the country. As this work shows the history of Germans in Ukraine began with being granted a privileged status and finished with losing it and being dispossessed during the First and Second World Wars. The paper starts with a brief description of the German nation and its expansion to the East. Then the history of the German colonization of Odessa is presented including the religious life of this group, the role Germans played in the economy of the city and its surroundings. After that attention is focused on the damage inflicted to the community during two world wars which led to the fact that Germans were deprived of their rights and marginalized. The last section concentrates on the present situation of German minority in Odessa.

12

GERMÁNI PRI CLASTIDIU (222 PRED N. L.) A V SPARTAKOVOM POVSTANÍ (73 – 71 PRED N. L.)

88%

Habaj M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2018

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tom 22

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nr 2

277 – 291

EN

Traditionally, the passages of Posidonius or Caesar are considered to be the first mention of the Germans in the ancient literature. But, besides these well-known texts, there are still a few references that have been judged in the past, at least by some authors, that they might be authentic and precede Caesar's expedition to Gaul and his testimony about the Germans. The study discusses two of these references, the first is known inscription from Fasti triumphales dated to 222 BC and the other is a tradition that preserves the Germans in the Spartacus' army. The article not only sums up the current positions to the two, but also brings a few observations of its own.

13

DIE SPÄTANTIKE QUADISCHE RESIDENZ IN CÍFER-PÁC . REKONSTRUKTION DER BAUENTWICKLUNG

88%

Varsik V.

Študijné zvesti

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2023

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tom 70

|

nr 1

193 – 212

EN

In the 4th c., a princely residence was built on the outskirts of the Germanic settlement in Cífer-Pác (SW Slovakia). It consists of a quadrangular enclosure with two stone and several wooden buildings. The residence was built in the spirit of Roman building traditions according to a carefully thought-out plan, using Roman building technologies and Roman building materials. It served the needs of the local Germanic chieftain and is an eloquent testimony to the peaceful Roman-Germanic relations at the end of Antiquity. The article summarizes the development of the residence with its three building phases and offers architectural reconstructions of its appearance.

14

PIESŇOVÝ REPERTOÁR NEMCOV V OBCI VEĽKÉ POLE NA FONOGRAFICKÝCH NAHRÁVKACH KAROLA A. MEDVECKÉHO (1902 – 1903)

75%

Urbancová H.

Musicologica Slovaca

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2022

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tom 13 (39)

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nr 1

5 - 35

EN

The first phonograph recordings of Slovak folk songs were carried out by the ethnographer Karol Anton Medvecký (1875–1937) in 1901 in the village of Detva in Central Slovakia. After this first phonograph session, he recorded songs in the German enclave in Central Slovakia, in the village of Veľké Pole. Today, the technical reconstruction of these recordings is unrealistic due to their physical and biological degradation. Nevertheless, with the help of contemporaneous sources, we managed to reconstruct the time of origin of the recordings, their number, and contents. Medvecký carried out the sound recordings in Veľké Pole with a phonograph in 1902–1903. They consisted of 17 songs in German and Slovak, rendered by a German female inhabitant of this village. Although physical documents only survived in a form of two cylinders, the reconstruction of the song repertoire led to the presumption that there were more, minimum three to four cylinders. The musical analysis of the published transcriptions from 1904 revealed that the songs in German conserved the earlier styles of Slovak folk singing.

15

Organizační vývoj německých liberálů na Moravě v letech 1890-1914

75%

Cibulka P.

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2010

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tom 108

|

nr 3

443-478

EN

This study deals with the development of German political liberalism in Moravia from the end of the 1880s until World War I. It throws light on the manifesto and organizational changes connected to the transformation of the previously nationwide Deutschmaehrische Partei in the Deutsche Fortschrittspartei. It devotes much attention to the standing of German Liberals within the system of German political parties in Moravia and to the role of the most influential party personalities (A. Weeber, A. Promber, H. d'Elvert, R. M. Rohrer).

16

Sudeckie linie życia. O »Grandhotelu« Jaroslava Rudiša

75%

Kaczmarek M.

Bohemistyka

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2012

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tom 12

|

nr 4

289-301

EN

The novel Grandhotel is a work by Jaroslav Rudiš, the Czech writer of young generation. The main protagonist of the novel is Fleischman, whose portrait, together with other characters, is presented against the historical background of twentieth-century Liberec and the Sudeten Mountains. By describing Fleischman’s complicated personality and identity, Rudiš attempts to evaluate social spirit of contemporary Czechs. Out of the novel Grandhotel two main dimensions emerge: the first is existential and presents individuals who with their complicated “life lines” and personal dramas look for their own place in the world; the second presents a community in the historical, social and cultural context. In addition, the latter dimension is filled with complicated twentieth-century stories and relations between two nations living in the Sudeten Mountains: the Czechs and the Germans. The twentieth-century world created by Rudiš in the novel does not imply optimism, but it is not deprived of humor and irony, either.

17

EDITH STEIN IN THE MEMORY OF GERMANS, JEWS AND POLES (Edyta Stein w pamieci Niemców, Zydów i Polaków)

75%

Korzeniewska A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2011

|

nr 1(338)

232-245

EN

The article is an inquiry on how the figure of Edith Stein functions in the collective memory of Poles, Germans and Jews within the several decades since her death. The topic is tackled from the perspective of culture studies and philosophy. An analysis of official manifestations of memory, especially in Germany and in the Catholic Church, is an introduction to an in-depth analysis of the modes of presence of this figure in culture (literature, film) as well as the role of regional and religious communities, societies and different milieus in Poland and Germany in creating the memory of Edith Stein. The text shows how the same values for which Edith Stein is remembered in one community of memory might and indeed do result in oblivion in other communities, while in still different ones serve to build national or regional identity.

18

Život dětí v obcích bývalého jazykového ostrůvku na Vyškovsku

75%

Pechova J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 19

|

nr 1

32-45

EN

The paper deals with the life of children in eight former German villages in the Vyskovsko Region, since the end of the 19th century until the forced transfer in 1946. The children grew up within the environment that put great stress on traditions, catholic religion and definition and safeguarding of their German identity against the Czech surroundings, which was demonstrated by wearing the local folk costumes and surviving of the ancient dialect and many habits. The upbringing in families, at school or in clubs was aimed at the support of German national feeling. The contacts with the Czech children were minimal in the so-called upper language island; the Czech families became assimilated, or they were not integrated into the village collective. The Czech minority schools founded in the German villages after 1918, especially the lower secondary school in Kucerov (1926), incurred displeasure and became a source of quarrels. The more frequent contacts between the Czech and the German children can be seen in the ethnically mixed and bilingual environment of the so-called lower language island.

19

OSLAVY DAI V ROKU 1937 A SNAHY O VYUŽÍVANIE NÁRODNOSTNÝCH MENŠÍN V ČSR NEMECKOM A MAĎARSKOM NA POLITICKÉ CIELE

75%

Vrábel F.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2011

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tom 4

|

nr 1

37 – 53

EN

The article deals with the subject of national minorities in interwar Europe, and the possibilities and efforts to use and misuse them for political ends. It briefly describes the establishment and development of an institution for monitoring the German minorities around the world - Das Deutsche Ausland-Institut (DAI) in Stuttgart - its organization, tasks and methods of operation. Based on the speakers’ addresses during the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the foundation of the Institute held in Stuttgart in August 1937, the author compares the attitudes of a representative and leader of the German minority in Czechoslovakia (Henlein) with the attitudes and opinions of a representative of the Nazi regime (Frick). In the conclusion, the author provides information on some of the measures taken by the Czechoslovak government between February and April 1937 that were aimed to ensure equitable minority policy and good relations between the Czechoslovak authorities and national minorities in the area of public works and civil engineering, social and health care, recruitment into the civil service, language needs of national minorities, educational support, school organization and self-government.

20

DAS GERMANISCHE GRÄBERFELD VON „DUNAJSKÁ STREDA“

75%

Prohászka P.

|

nr 1

167 – 198

EN

The article deals with the German and Roman finds from the cemetery of Dunajská Streda. Some finds are known only from the books by J. Eisner and E. Beninger. According to Beninger these finds are from two different localities. The local pharmacist’s, Iván László’s letter with some drawings of the finds dug in 1894 helps us to locate the cemetery and to clarify its chronology. Based on this letter the cemetery was in the confines of Malé Dvorníky, and not in Dunajská Streda. Iván László described seven graves (urn and skeleton graves as well) together with the grave-goods in his letter. Ceramic pots and urns, Roman and German brooches, a Roman bronze vessel, and other objects are amongst the drawn finds. The earliest finds belong to the periods B1b and B1c. These are an Almgren 45 iron brooch, an Almgren 68 strong profiled brooch, and a fragment of an Almgren 236 brooch. To the periods B1c and B2 belong some ceramic urns, an Eggers 155 bronze casserole, a trumpet brooch, an Almgren V/2 iron brooch, and strap mountings from drinking-horns. A bowl, a Barbarian imitation of a ‘Faltenbecher’, and two urns are from the 3rd century (period C2). To the C3 period belong a ceramic pottery, a bowl, a bead, and an Almgren group VI brooch. On the basis of the grave-goods the cemetery was opened in the first half of the 1st cent. A. D. and was used to the mid-2nd cent. A. D. It was reopened in the 3rd cent. A part of the urn and skeleton graves are certainly from the early Roman period, but some of the graves are burials from the 3rd – 4th cent. From the point of view of the burial rituals and the finds the cemetery of “Dunajská Streda”/Malé Dvorníky is related to the cemeteries of South-West Slovakia (Abrahám, Kostolná pri Dunaji, Sládkovičovo), but only the cemetery of “Dunajská Streda”/Malé Dvorníky was reopened in the late Roman period. This cemetery was used by the Quadi, a smaller Germanic tribe settled on the Žitný ostrov already in the early of the 1st cent. A. D.