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2 Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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Incidence of fumonisins, moniliformin and Fusarium species in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia

100%

Labuda R. , Parich A. , Vekiru E. , Tancinova D.

nr 1

A total of 50 samples of poultry feed mixtures of Slovak origin were analysed for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1, FB2) and moniliformin (MON) using SAX-clean up procedure being detected by high pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), respectively. The samples were also simultaneously investigated for Fusarium species occurrence, and for the capability of Fusarium isolates recovered to produce FB1 and MON in vitro. FB1 was detected in 49 samples (98%) in concentrations ranging from 43 to 798 µg.kg-1, and FB2 in 42 samples (84%) in concentrations ranging from 26 to 362 µg.kg-1. MON was detected in 26 samples (52%) in concentrations that ranged from 42 to 1,214 µg.kg-1. Only two Fusarium populations were encountered, namely F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans, of which the former was the most dominant and frequent. All 86 F. proliferatum isolates tested for FB1-production ability proved to be producers of the toxin although none of them produced MON. On the contrary, MON production was observed in a half out of 16 F. subglutinans isolates tested, yet no FB1 production was detected in this case. Despite the limited number of samples investigated during this study, it is obvious that poultry feed mixtures may represent a risk from a toxicological point of view and should be regarded as a potential source of the Fusarium mycotoxins in central Europe. This is the first reported study dealing with fumonisin and moniliformin contamination of poultry feeds from Slovakia.

Identification and enumeration of Fusarium species in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia

100%

Labuda R. , Tancinova D. , Hudec K.

nr 1

Thirty-three samples of poultry mixed feeds collected in the region of Nitra (Slovakia) from August 2001-April 2002 were assayed for the incidence of Fusarium Link: Fr. species. In tested samples, the total frequency of isolated fusaria was determined to be 48 % (16 samples) and their counts ranged from 0.2 × 102 to 2.4 × 104 CFU per g of the sample on Dichloran Chloramphenicol Peptone Agar (DCPA). Of the total amount of Fusarium isolates (609), the highest part (i.e. 584 isolates) was represented by Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, being isolated in all the samples tested. Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. et Reinking) Nelson, Tousson et Marasas (in total 24 isolates) was found in 3 positive samples (9%) and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Fr. (a single isolate) was found in one positive sample only (3%). Data of these significant mycotoxin producers found in examined samples with particular mycotoxins as well as their habitats were summarised briefly. The results refer to a large incidence of the potentially toxinogenic Fusarium species, mainly F. proliferatum, in the feeds of Slovakian origin which represent entry components of the food chain. The study also points out a potential risk of feed contamination with hazardous toxic compounds, especially by carcinogenic fumonisins and cardiotoxic moniliformin. From the hygienic point of view, it will be necessary to continue monitoring and evaluating this occurrence.