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1

Indirect effects in boreal ant assemblages: territorial wood ants protect potential slaves against enslaving ants

100%

Vaananen S. , Vepsalainen K. , Savolainen R.

Annales Zoologici

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2010

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tom 60

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nr 1

EN

The facultative enslaver Formica sanguinea Latr. uses as slaves F. fusca L. and other species of the subgenus Serviformica For. Earlier observations have shown or suggested that strong territorial wood-ant species, by defending their own territories, interfere with raids by F. sanguinea such that colonies of potential slave species gain protection against raids. At the population level, such protection should be visible as higher nest densities of F. fusca within than outside wood-ant territories, when both areas are within raiding distance of F. sanguinea. Here we tested this hypothesis by mapping nest densities of F. fusca. As expected, nest densities of F. fusca were higher within than outside wood-ant territories. In contrast, nest densities of two aggressive species, Lasius platythorax Seifert and L. niger (L.), unsuitable as slaves, were as expected lower within than outside wood-ant territories. Our results concur with earlier studies based on pitfall trapping, baiting experiments, and in situ observations on raids. The results also show that the positive impact of indirect protection provided by wood ants against raids may outweigh the direct negative impact of wood ants on F. fusca nesting within their territories. We discuss the geographic and habitat cooccurrences of wood ants, enslavers and potential slave species, and coverage of efficient indirect protection of potential slaves against raids.

2

Competition between Formica cinerea mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and co-occurring ant species, with special reference to Formica rufa L. : direct and indirect interferences

100%

Czechowski W. , Markó B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom Vol. 53, nr 4

467-489

EN

Formica cinerea Mayr is supposed to be the top dominant of ant communities in successional sandy habitats, whereas wood ant species, e.g. F. rufa L., play this role in forests. These species often co-occur in overlapping habitats. The aim of the study was to recognize competitive interrelations between them in the broad ecological aspect of relations with local subordinate species, including F. fusca L., Tetramorium caespitum (L.) and Myrmica schencki Em. Study area was a sand dune slope surrounded by pine forest at Tvńrminne, S Finland, where F. cinerea nest complexes were encircled by F. rufa colonies. Baiting experiments, preceded by 'nudum' observations were carried out. The presumption that F. rufa would influence the activity of F. cinerea was not supported by the results. No-ant zones separated the territories of these two species almost through the total length of the boundary of the F. cinerea range. The outcome of interspecific interactions within the multi-species community studied corresponded with the species competitive status generally. The results are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants and succession of ant communities.

3

Mechowce (Acari, Oribatei) z gniazd mrówek Formica rufa (s.1) z terenów Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego

94%

Sell D.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

1990

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tom 373

RU

Автор исследовал фауну клещей Oribatidae ( Acari, Oribatei) собранных с муравейников Formica rufa ( Hymeпорtera, Formicidae ). Исследования охватывали десять муравейников, в которых было обнаружено 84 вида клещей Oribatidae (Таблица 1). Двенадцать из них принадлежало к новым видам в польской фауне ( Liacarus brevillamellatus, Oppia trichomirovae, О. media, O. paradecipiens, O. minuta, O. ctenifera, Peloribates europaeus, Diapterobates oblongus, Adoribatella punctata, Parachipteria patavinus, P. nivialis, Pergalumna myrmophila, а семь видов были выявлены исключительно в Польше (Camisia lapponica, Ceratopia quadridentata, Punctoribates latilobatus, Eupelops torulosus, Ophidiotrichus connexus, Tectoribates ornatus, Pergalumna formicaria).

EN

The fauna of Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatei) collected form the hills of Formica rufa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in 1975-1976 was investigated by the author. Ten ant-hills were examined and 84 Oribatid species were found (Table 1). Twelve of them belong to the new species in the Polish fauna (Liacarus brevillamellatus. Oppia trichomirovae, O. media, O. paradecipiens, O. minuta, O. ctenifera, Peloribates europaeus, Diapterobates oblongus, Adoribatella punctata, Parachipteria patavinus, P. nivialis, Pergalumna myrmophila, and seven species (Camisia lapponica, Ceratoppia quadridentata, Punctoribates latilobatus, Eupelops torulosus, Ophidiotrichus connexus, Tectoribates ornatus, Pergalumna formicaria) were detected in Poland only.

4

Effects of urban pressure on colonies of Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the town of Espoo (Finland)

84%

Wuorenrinne H.

Annales Zoologici

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1988-1989

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tom 42

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nr 13-17

EN

Quantitative changes in red wood ant populations affected by urban pressure were studied at the town of Espoo (Southern Finland) in 1974-1980. Torossian's (an average mound volume and a total mound volume per ha) and Francour's indices (a number of inhabited, new established and abandoned nests during a year) were analyzed. Differences in the responsivity to anthropogenization of particular species (Formica pratensis Retz., F. rufa L., F. polyctena Foerst., and F. aquilonia Yarb.) were determined.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zmiany następujące w populacjach rudych mrówel leśnych pod wpływem presji urbanizacyjnej. Badania przeprowadzono w okolicach miasta Espoo w południowej Finlandii w latach 1974-1980. Na 269 powierzchniach leśnych o różnym stopniu zantropogenizowania zmapowano rozmieszczenie mrowisk, określając wielkość gniazd. Analizowano średnie objętości kopców nа danej powierzchni i łączną ich objętość przypadającą na hektar lasu (wskaźniki Torossiana) oraz przeciętne liczby gniazd trwałych, nowo zakładanych i opuszczanych w ciągu roku (wskaźniki Francoura). Wykazano ogólną tendencję do zmniejszania się objętości kopców i zwiększania się liczby gniazd opuszczonych wraz ze wzrostem stopnia zantropogenizowania obszaru. Poszczególne gatunki mrówek różnie reagowały na presję urbanizacyjną. Najbardziej odporne były Formica pratensis Retz., F. rufa L., F. polyctena Foerst., tworzące w tamtym regionie społeczeństwa monokaliczne lub złożone co najwyżej z kilku mrowisk. Najbardziej podatne na presję okazały się kolonie F. aquilonia Yarr. — najpospolitszego, wysoce polikalieznego gatunku leśnych mrówek w Finlandii. W lasach podlegających największej presji ich mrowiska były wprawdzie liczne, lecz małe i krótkotrwałe.

RU

В работе представили изменения, происходящие в популяциях рыжих лесных муравьев под влиянием нажима урбанизации. Исследования провели в окрестно- стях города Эспоо в южной Финляндии в 1974—1980 г.г. На 269 лесных площадках с разной степенью антропогенного влияния засняли карты размещения муравейников, одновременно определяя величину гнезд. Анализировали средний объем холмов на данной площадке и их общий объем, приходящийся на гектар леса (индексы Тороссяна), а также среднее число постоянных гнезд, новооснованных и покинутых на протяжении года (индексы Франкура). Констатировали общую тенденцию к уменьшению объема холмов и увеличению числа покинутых гнезд по мере роста антропогенного освоения территории. Разные виды муравьев по-разному реагировали на нажим урбанизации. Наибольшей стокостью отличались Formica pratensis Retz., F. rufa L., F. polyctena Foerst., создающие в обсуждаемом регионе монокальные общества или общества, состоящие не более чем из нескольких муравейников. Наиболее восприимчивыми к нажиму оказались общества F. aquilonia Yarr. — наиболее обычного, в высокой степени поликального вида лесных муравьев в Финляндии. В лесах, подверженных наиболее сильному нажиму муравейники этого вида, хоть и были многочислены, были небольшими и недолговечными.

5

Miedzygatunkowe przejmowanie gniazd u rudych mrowek lesnych [Hymenoptera, Formicidae]

84%

Czechowski W.

Przegląd Zoologiczny

|

1994

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tom 38

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nr 3-4

283-288

6

Gdzie mrówki zimują?

84%

Michlewicz M.

Salamandra:Magazyn Przyrodniczy

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2017

|

nr 2

7

Plezjobioza Formica fusca L. z rudymi mrowkami lesnymi [Hymenoptera, Formicidae]

84%

Czechowski W. , Vepsalainen K.

Przegląd Zoologiczny

|

1999

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tom 43

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nr 3-4

215-218

8

Sposoby osiagania sukcesu rozrodczego przez krolowe rudych mrowek lesnych [Hymenoptera, Formicidae]

84%

Czechowski W. , Pisarski R.

Przegląd Zoologiczny

|

1994

|

tom 38

|

nr 1-2

79-85

9

Eksperymentalna kolonizacja mrowek w reglu gornym Masywu Jaworzyny w Gorczanskim Parku Narodowym

84%

Czechowski W.

Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody

|

1992

|

tom 11

|

nr 4

51-57

10

Ways to reproductive success of wood ant queens

84%

Pisarski B. , Czechowski W.

Memorabilia Zoologica

|

1994

|

tom 48

181-186

11

Competition between Formica cinerea Mayr [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] and co-occurring ant species, with special reference to Formica rufa L.: direct and indirect interferences

84%

Czechowski W. , Marko B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2005

|

tom 53

|

nr 4

EN

Formica cinerea Mayr is supposed to be the top dominant of ant communities in successional sandy habitats, whereas wood ant species, e.g. F. rufa L., play this role in forests. These species often co-occur in overlapping habitats. The aim of the study was to recognize competitive interrelations between them in the broad ecological aspect of relations with local subordinate species, including F. fusca L., Tetramorium caespitum (L.) and Myrmica schencki Viereck. Study area was a sand dune slope surrounded by pine forest at Tvärminne, S Finland, where F. cinerea nest complexes were encircled by F. rufa colonies. Baiting experiments, preceded by ‘nudum’ observations were carried out. The presumption that F. rufa would influence the activity of F. cinerea was not supported by the results. No-ant zones separated the territories of these two species almost through the total length of the boundary of the F. cinerea range. The outcome of interspecific interactions within the multi-species community studied corresponded with the species competitive status generally. The results are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants and succession of ant communities.

12

Number of sawfly [Hymenoptera, Diprioninae] cocoons in forest litter at selected distances from anthills

84%

Korczynski I. , Skrzypczyk-Adamska B.

Forestry

|

2001

|

tom 04

13

Different attack modes of Formica species in interspecific one-on-one combats with other ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]

84%

Heuts B. A. , Cornelissen P. , Lambrechts D. Y. M.

Annales Zoologici

|

2003

|

tom 53

|

nr 2

EN

The separation of the wood ant sibling species Formica rufa and F. polyctera has been questioned recently on partly morphological grounds. We show difference in their attacks on ten alien, mainly sympatric, ant species. F. rufa significantly more often inflicted pure proximal in proportion to distal lesions than F. polyctena. They did not significantly differ in total number, laterality, or anterior/posterior position of inflicted lesions and did not injure some victim species significantly more proximally than others. Serviformica and Raptiformica species inflicted mainly distal lesions in contrast to the mainly proximally attacking Coptoformica and F. truncorum of the wood ant subgenus (Formica s.s.). Formica exsecta amputated significantly more heads relative to other body parts than eight other Formica species when all fought individually with ten ant species. F. exsecta decapitated Formica species significantly more often than non -Formica species (enemy specification) although this discrimination was not significantly stronger than in the eight other amputating Formica species (enemy specification "in the strict sense" was not demonstrated). Similar interspecific decapitations reported from natural F. exsecta colonies support the relevancy of one-on-one combats in the laboratory to the natural situation. Phylogenetic position and degree of polygyny of Formica species were not clearly correlated with interspecific proximal-attack propensity.

14

Formica rufa L. protects indirectly F.fusca L. against raids of F.sanguinea Latr. [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]

84%

Czechowski W. , Vepsalainen K.

Annales Zoologici

|

2001

|

tom 51

|

nr 3

EN

By protecting their territory against all territorial ants, Formica rufa L. indirectly protected F. fusca L., nesting within their territory, against F. sanguinea Latr. raids. The permanent costs to F. fusca caused by highly aggressive F. rufa within their territories were outweighed by the benefits obtained by F. rufa’s protection against periodic raids of F. sanguinea. We interprete our findings in the light of the hierarchy competitive framework as follows.

15

Corpse carrying in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : behavioural side effect of aggressive arousual or competitive signaling?

83%

Czechowski W. , Marko B. , Godzińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 57, nr 2

341-352

EN

Some literature reports show that ants use bodies of their dead nestmates and other insect remains in conflict situations. The paper describes such phenomenon in a Formica rufa L. colony brought into conflict with a F. cinerea Mayr colony when the former tried to extend its own territory at the expense of the latter. A territorially stable F. rufa colony, neighbouring the same F. cinerea colony, served as control. Workers of the expansive F. rufa colony were repeatedly observed to carry numerous ant corpses, empty pupal cocoons and insect leftovers from their nest to the place of confrontation with F. cinerea, on a much bigger scale than workers of the stable F. rufa colony. Corpse-carrying intensity was not correlated with the general activity level of foragers which suggests that corpse carriers could be a separate task group. Workers of a small colony of F. cinerea were also observed to surround their nest entrance with corpses of their nestmates and prey remains, taken out from inside the nest, in response to intensified traffic of workers of F. rufa in the vicinity of their nest. These results are discussed in the context of a possible interrelation between ant aggressive behaviour and transport behaviour. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed phenomenon: (1) explaining it as a by-product of the aggressive arousal of workers, and (2) ascribing to it a possible signalling function in conflict situations.

16

II Konferencja Naukowa "Mrówki w ochronie lasu" Prószków, 9-10 V 1986

83%

Czechowski W.

Wiadomości Entomologiczne

|

1988-1989

|

tom 08

|

nr 3-4

17

Awifauna Góry Chełmowej (Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy)

83%

Krysztofik E. , Pomarnackiej E.

Wszechświat

|

1957

|

nr 02

18

Owady na wojennej ścieżce

67%

Moffett M. W.

Świat Nauki

|

2012

|

nr 01

19

Do permanently mixed colonies of wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) really exist?

67%

Czechowski W. , Radchenko A.

Annales Zoologici

|

2006

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

EN

We describe the composition of two colonies of wood ants (FM-1 and FM-2) from southern Finland, identified on the basis of morphological investigations of workers (for FM-1, also of alate gynes and males) as mixed colonies comprising individuals with phenotypes typical of Formica aquilonia Yarr., F. polyctena Först, and F. rufa L. The prevailing species (phenotypes) were F. polyctena in FM-1, and F. rufa in FM-2. Colony FM-1 was observed every year in the period 1996-2006, almost from the moment it was formed. A first tentative investigation in 1999 revealed that it was already a mixed one and was probably also polygynous. Systematic follow-up investigations from 2002 to 2006 demonstrated relative stability of the proportions of individual species (phenotypes). A possible origin of this permanently mixed colony is postulated and discussed.

20

Wplyw mrowek na jesienna entomofaune sciolki boru sosnowego w okresie gradacji borecznikow

67%

Ziomek K.

Sylwan

|

2001

|

tom 145

|

nr 11

31-38