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2 Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

2 2017

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FISCAL MULTIPLIERS AND THE ZERO LOWER BOUND

100%

Hloušek M.

2017

tom 65

nr 4

305 – 319

This paper studies the implications of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on interest rates for the size of fiscal multipliers. The analysis is carried out in an extended version of the ECB’s New Area-Wide Model, which contains various fiscal instruments. The results show that the size of fiscal multipliers depends heavily on the length of the period during which the interest rate is binding. Government consumption is the most efficient instrument of fiscal policy; the value of its multiplier is well above one and can even be double for a long time at the ZLB. The multiplier for consumption taxes is also influenced substantially by the interest rate constraint, but its value remains below one. The multipliers for social security contributions and labour income taxes are not influenced much. The behaviour of the government investment multiplier is quite tricky: an amplifying effect on output is present only when the economy stays at the zero lower bound for just a few years; when there is a longer time at the ZLB, this multiplier can even be negative.

FISCAL MULTIPLIERS IN THE SLOVAK ECONOMY: DSGE SIMULATION

88%

Zeman J.

nr 6

505 – 519

In order to calculate fiscal multipliers for Slovakia, the author uses a small open DSGE model of Slovakia constructed by Zeman and Senaj (2009) that is augmented by a more sophisticated fiscal sector, which comprises government expenditure components (consumption, investment and social transfers to liquidity-constrained households), as well as government revenue components (personal income taxes, employer social contributions, VAT (value-added tax) and a lump-sum tax). The Slovak government has laid out a plan of public finance consolidation for the period from 2013 to 2017 in order to meet the Fiscal Compact criteria. According to the fiscal multipliers calculated in this paper, the consolidation will cause an aggregate loss of 3.1% of GDP during this period, which turns out to be a more precise estimate than official government projections.