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FAJKA S FIGURÁLNOU VÝZDOBOU Z LIPTOVSKÉHO MIKULÁŠA. KOMPARÁCIA MORFOLOGICKÝCH ZNAKOV PODOBIZNÍ NA FAJKE S PORTRÉTMI NA OBRAZE „DIE HEILIGE ALLIANZ“ (1815)

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Dörnhöferová M. , Šimková Z. , Bodoriková S.

Študijné zvesti

2022

tom 69

nr 1

165 – 176

The ceramic pipe is an object of the archaeological collection of the Slovak Museum of Nature Protection and Speleology in Liptovský Mikuláš. It was found during a rescue archaeological research when reconstructing historical building of the museum, originally built in the middle of the 18th c. as a Jesuit monastery. Only the richly decorated cylindrical head of the pipe has been preserved. Coming from a surface collection and because it is only a fragment without a signature, the producer and the year of production could not be identified. The ornament on the head is embossed and consists of floral, geometric, and figural decorations. Three ovals with portraits of three different men are depicted in the middle part of the head. Uniformed clothing and hairstyling suggest that men were of a high rank, with an affinity to the army. The letters below each portrait could be monograms. Based on these facts, we assume that it is a portrayal of the members of the Holy Alliance – the coalition between the monarchists of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, which was created to restrain liberalism and secularism in Europe in the wake of the devastating French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty was signed after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 by representatives of Austria, Russia, and Prussia. We assume that the portraits of Emperor Francis I of Austria, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia are depicted on the pipe. We compared the portraits on the pipe with the faces in the oil painting “Die Heilige Allianz” (Holy Alliance) by an unknown author from 1815. Somatoscopic and somatometric methods were used to evaluate morphological features and the proportionality of faces. Based on the results, we are inclined to believe that the portraits on the head of the pipe most likely represent the above-mentioned monarchs.