Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Fatty acids as a potential adjuvant in cancer therapy

100%

Przybyszewski W. M. , Widel M.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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2002

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tom 56

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nr 5

589-602

EN

This review presents pro- and anticancer effects of fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. The epidemiological and experimental data indicate that short-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids exert protective effects against some cancers. In the contrary, omega-6 fatty acids are rather procancerous and can increase tumour proliferation. The possible mechanisms are still not fully understood and are very variable including: suppression of neoplastic transformation, direct cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, antiangiogenicity etc. Experimental data indicate that fatty acid composition of cancer cells in cultures or in animals can be modified to make the cells more susceptible to lipid peroxidation, increasing the cell damage due to oxidant stress and make the cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. It is reasonable to suppose that fatty acids supplementation can make an enrichment of traditional tools for modern anticancer strategies.

2

Mechanisms of fatty acid uptake by tissues

80%

Synak M. , Budohoski L.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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2000

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tom 54

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nr 6

797-818

EN

Fatty acids (FA) play an important role in energy metabolism. They are not only used as substrates for energy production but are also involved in many other metabolic pathways. However, the exact mechanisms by which FA are taken up by the cells are not yet fully understood. Fatty acids circulating in blood cross the cell membranes partly via a mechanism facilitated by plasma membrane proteins and partly via a passive diffusion mechanism, the former mechanism being of major importance.

3

Genetic variability of milk fatty acids

80%

Arnould V. M.-R. , Soyeurt H.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2009

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tom 50

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nr 1

29-39

EN

. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile is far from the optimal fat composition in regards to human health. The natural sources of variation, such as feeding or genetics, could be used to increase the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids. The impact of feeding is well described. However, genetic effects on the milk FA composition begin to be extensively studied. This paper summarizes the available information about the genetic variability of FAs. The greatest breed differences in FA composition are observed between Holstein and Jersey milk. Milk fat of the latter breed contains higher concentrations of saturated FAs, especially short-chain FAs. The variation of the delta-9 desaturase activity estimated from specific FA ratios could explain partly these breed differences. The choice of a specific breed seems to be a possibility to improve the nutritional quality of milk fat. Generally, the proportions of FAs in milk are more heritable than the proportions of these same FAs in fat. Heritability estimates range from 0.00 to 0.54. The presence of some single nucleotide polymorphisms could explain partly the observed individual genetic variability. The polymorphisms detected on SCD1 and DGAT1 genes influence the milk FA composition. The SCD1 V allele increases the unsaturation of C16 and C18. The DGAT1 A allele is related to the unsaturation of C18. So, a combination of the molecular and quantitative approaches should be used to develop tools helping farmers in the selection of their animals to improve the nutritional quality of the produced milk fat.

4

Genes associated with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in bovine skeletal muscle

80%

Perez R. , Canon J. , Dunner S.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2010

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tom 51

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nr 4

479-487

EN

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) influence meat tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, and are beneficial to human health. The percentage of long-chain n-3 FAs in total FAs is termed the omega-3 index (O3I). It is thus of great interest to favor rising this index in bovine skeletal muscle, to obtain healthier, tastier, and more nutritive meat. This study was aimed to detect transcriptomic variations related to O3I in muscles in 15-month-old males of 4 Spanish cattle breeds raised under the same conditions. Through the analysis of extreme O3I phenotypes, 3 genes of interest (AANAT, UCP2 and AHA1) were identified. AANAT and UCP2 were strongly up-regulated, while AHA1 was repressed in animals with a high O3I. Moreover, gene expression differed between GDF8-null animal muscles (tested for nt821del11 and Q204X mutations) and the wild-type muscles for genes GDH1, IGF2R, FADS1, ASPH, and AIM1, all showing down-regulation in Asturiana de los Valles calves with muscle hypertrophy (GDF8-null). This shows that in GDF8-null animals other pathways are used for FA synthesis.

5

Regulation of intracellular processes by fatty acids and end products of lipid peroxidation

80%

Przybyszewski W. M. , Walichiewicz P.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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2002

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tom 56

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nr 6

741-756

EN

Products of ingested fat metabolism and also products of lipid peroxidation influenced on genes expression being natural ligands for nuclear receptors functioning as a transcription factors. This situation creates possibilities of diet modification by type and amount of fat as an important element of cancer prevention and cancer therapy. Functioning and activity of PPARs indicating the way of controlling their activity by another ligands than that included in the diet. This is a base for pharmacologic synthesis of a new class of specific drugs as an agonists for nuclear receptors of precisely defined histologic type of cancer.

6

Routine clinical laboratory tests correspond to increased serum levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids, markers of endotoxins, in cardiosurgery patients

80%

Krasnik L. , Szponar B. , Walczak M. , Larsson L. , Gamian A.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2006

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tom 54

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nr 1

55-60

EN

Introduction: Endotoxemia developing during cardiosurgery as elevated endotoxin concentrations in patient's serum may prevail over 24 h after operation. A major reason is thought to be increased gut permeability resulting in endotoxin and bacterial leakage. In this study we aimed to measure endotoxin levels on samples obtained during and after cardiovascular procedures and compare them with clinical observations and laboratory test results. Materials and Methods: 3-Hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) of 10?18 carbon chain length, chemical markers of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), were determined in patient sera by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis. Results were compared with routine laboratory tests: blood morphology, urine, ALT, AST, bilirubin, kidney parameters, clotting parameters, and gasometry. Results: Of a total of 16 patients, 5 patients (group I) showed increased serum 3-OH FA levels and 11 patients (group II) did not show any change in 3-OH FA levels 24 h after operation. All group I patients revealed leukocytosis, two developed post-operative anemia. Significantly different changes were observed: the initial, pre-operative 3-OH FA levels were similar for both groups, while group I patients showed increased levels of all the studied 3-OH FAs during the operation (p0.05), and 3-OH C14 and 3-OH C16 remained elevated 24 h after the operation. Conclusions: Cardiosurgery may strongly promote gut endotoxin translocation to the blood in some patients. Prolonged leukocytosis, deep anemia, and increased liver dysfunction markers may indicate the need for observation of possible endotoxemia development. It is recommended to monitor the endotoxin level and/or endotoxemia markers in cardiosurgery patients.

7

Biotechnolgical methods implemented for improvement of farm animals as a food source with increased unsaturated fatty acids

80%

Ostaszewska I. , Sablik P.

Biotechnologia

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2008

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nr 3

153-158

EN

Transgenic animals became easy and open for general use as a source of recombinant proteins and essential components like unsaturated fatty acids. That possibility can completely change the life and health of humans. Thanks to genetic engineering, it is possible to increase the level of healthy fatty acids in animal organism, with the help of e.g. stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fat-1 gene. Milk with changed fatty acids composition could be a cure for people with obesity and vascular problems, as also can be an alternative source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for oil-rich fish and fish liver oils. What is more, also natural environment can be saved by those animals.

8

The role of mutagenesis in the modification of the fatty acid profile of oilseed crops

80%

Velasco L. , Perez-Vich B. , Fernandez-Martinez J. M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1999

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tom 40

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nr 3

185-209

EN

Mutagenesis has played a major role in the development of novel variation for the fatty acid profile of oilseed crops. Although the first successful experiments were started in the 70s, most of the achievements in this field have been reported during the 80s and 90s. This paper summarizes the role of mutagenesis in the modification of the fatty acid profile of oilseed crops, the genetic basis of such modifications, and the consequences for plant breeding.

9

Fatty acid synthase-catalyzed de novo fatty acid biosynthesis: from anabolic-energy-storage pathway in normal tissues to jack-of-all-trades in cancer cells

70%

Menendez J. A. , Lupu R.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 6

414-426

EN

In 1994, Kuhajda and colleagues unambiguously identified the oncogenic antigen-519, a prognostic molecule found in breast cancer patients with markedly worsened prognosis, as fatty acid synthase (FAS), the key enzyme for the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. It now appears that human carcinomas and their pre-neoplastic lesions constitutively overexpress FAS and undergo significant endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, FAS blockade specifically induces apoptotic cancer cell death and prolongs survival of cancer xenograft hosts. Therefore, FAS signaling seems to play a central role in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype by enhancing cancer cell survival and proliferation. This review documents the rapidly changing perspectives on the function of FAS in cancer biology. First, we describe molecular mechanism by which aberrant transduction cascades driven by oncogenic changes subvert the down-regulatory effects of dietary fatty acids, resulting in tumor-associated FAS insensitivity to nutritional signals. Second, we speculate on the putative function that hypoxia can play as the epigenetic factor that triggers and maintains FAS overexpression in cancer cells by inducing changes in gene expression and in metabolism for survival. Third, we explore the role that FAS exhibits in cancer evolution by specifically regulating cancer-related proteins such as Her-2/neu oncogene and estrogen receptor. Finally, we reveal previously unrecognized functions of FAS on the response of cancer cells to chemo-, endocrine-, and immuno-therapies. These findings, all together, should ultimately enhance our understanding of how FAS-dependent endogenous fatty acid metabolism, once considered a minor anabolic-energy-storage pathway in normal cells, has become a jack-of-all-trades in cancer cells.

10

Synthesis of polyenoic fatty acids by microorganisms

70%

Leman J.

Biotechnologia

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2003

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nr 2

218-235

EN

The paper presents the possibilities of using some microorganisms as a potential source of biologically active polyenoic fatty acids. The reasons for using microorganisms for this purpose are among others, high yield, invariability of oil composition, independence from traditional agricultural conditions, efficient processing of cheap agro-food substrates and predisposition of microorganisms to biotransformations enabling tailoring of lipids. The following issues were discussed in particular: the methods suitable for the synthesis of specific fatty acids, oils of predicted composition, induced mutagenesis, genetic engineering of microorganisms, addition of inhibitors or activators of fatty acid biosynthesis to the growth medium, enzymatic modification of the oils, and production conditions ie recovery and processing of microbial oils.

11

Distribution of major lipids and fatty acids of the estuarine gastropod mollusc Telescopium telescopium

60%

Rakshit S. , Bhattacharyya D. K. , Misra K. K.

Folia Biologica

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1997

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tom 45

83-87

EN

Lipid fractions and fatty acid composition of different organs, viz., digestive gland, mantle, and foot of the gastropod Telescopium telescopium inhabiting estuarine waters of West Bengal, India were studied. Thin layer chromatography and subsequent colorimetric analyses revealed the presence of phospholipid, cholesterol, and, to a lesser extent, triglycerides. Considerable variation in the three classes of lipids was observed in the organs studied so far. Gas liquid chromatography analyses showed the presence of saturated fatty acids (16: 0, 18: 0, 14:0), monoenoics (18:1, 16:1, 20:1), and polyenoic fatty acids (22:5 w6, 20:5 w3, 18:2) in varying amounts in the three organs. This may be related with a specific function of the organ. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are present in fair amounts in T. telescopium. The occurrence of arachidonic acid (20:4) in this gastropod may be related to salinity, as was pointed out by other workers.

12

Fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols in three plant species collected from Burullus Lake

51%

Haroon A. M. , El-Habibi A. M. , Szaniawska A.

Oceanological Studies

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1995

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nr 69/10

67-76

EN

Three plant species belonging to Compositae, Chenopodiceae and Potamogetonaceae were collected from Burullus Lake.Hydrocarbon, sterol and fatty acid composition of each species were investigated and identified quantitatively using GLC technique.The result demonstrated that, the unasaponifiable matter of Inula erithmoides Halimione portulacoides and Potamogeton pectinatus was composed of, respectively 74.7% hydrocarbons and 25.3% sterol compounds; 73.6% hydrocarbons and 26.5% sterol compounds;100% hydrocarbons.Two sterols, namely cholesterol and stigmasterol, were detected in extracts of Inula erithmoides and Halimione portulacoides but at different concentrations.The analysis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids indicated that the species studied differed in the number and concentration of fatty acids.