Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

FALSIFICATIONISM AND THE PRAGMATIC PROBLEM OF INDUCTION

100%

Frederick D.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2020

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tom 27

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nr 4

494 – 503

EN

I explain how Karl Popper resolved the problem of induction but not the pragmatic problem of induction. I show that Popper’s proposed solution to the pragmatic problem of induction is inconsistent with his solution to the problem of induction. I explain how Popper’s falsificationist epistemology can solve the pragmatic problem of induction in the same negative way that it solves the problem of induction.

2

FALZIFIKÁCIA A PARADOX INFERENCIE

100%

Taliga M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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tom 72

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nr 8

593 – 602

EN

The paradox of inference is based on the thesis that inferences cannot be both deductively valid and useful because an inference, in order to be useful, must advance us to a new conclusion, but a deductively valid inference cannot, on principle, do that, since its conclusions are contained in its premises. Falsification is a deductively valid inference as well. Its adherents should therefore respond to the paradox of inference. The paper elaborates on the view that critical, deductively valid arguments, e.g. the falsifying mode of inference modus tollens, do not advance those who use them to new knowledge, yet are useful because they help them to eliminate criticized theories. This view is confronted with the traditional response, according to which deductively valid inferences advance us to subjectively new conclusions and thus extend our subjective knowledge.

3

FALZÁ V SLUŽBÁCH PRAVDY, SVEDECTVÁ NA PRAHU LŽI. NIEKOĽKO POSTREHOV K POZADIU STREDOVEKÉHO FALŠOVANIA

88%

Druga M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 4

577 – 599

EN

The paper is directed towards the wider background of false documents in the middle ages. The emphasis is placed on false documents that originated in the environment of the medieval ecclesiastical elites. The study considers the motives of medieval falsifiers, but the author places in the foreground the question of the ways false documents were seen or the reasons leading to the high level of spreading of false documents in the middle ages. The paper is written as a widely conceived account reflecting the observations of medievalists concerned with the problem of falsified documents. At the same time, increased emphasis is placed in the circumstances in which documents were falsified in the oldest monastic or specifically Benedictine environment of Hungary under the Arpád dynasty.

4

CRITICAL ESSAY OF SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY OF K. POPPER. I (Kriticheski ocherk philosophiyi K. Poppera. I)

75%

Khramova V. L.

Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)

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2010

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nr 3

91-109

EN

A review of Western European theories of science philosophy is made, with focus on neopositivism. The analysis of K.Poper's theory, critical rationalism, is focused on his verification method based on the principle of falsification for demarcation between scientific and non-scientific knowledge. It's shown that absolute reliance on this principle, denial of the objective truth of scientific knowledge, conventional interpretation of human perceptions about the natural world, dissociation of the knowledge producer from the produced knowledge is not in compliance with K.Poper's theory of growth in scientific knowledge. The method of critical rationalism, elaborated for physics, is spread by K.Popper on social sphere. It's shown that his treatment of history as 'interpretation of events', which, not being a verifiable hypothesis (conception or theory), can be falsified, that is, rejected by new facts, is quite effective, as it supposes both distinction between and common character of history and natural science. Unlike neopositivist formal and logical analysis, K.Popper's logic of scientific research represents an attempt for theoretical reconstruction of the dynamics of science, development of science through 'tries and mistakes, or, more exactly, through removal of mistakes'. An indisputable contribution of him is reconstruction of science in its irreversible history and not as an aggregate of separated static deductively organized systems. His historicism implicitly complies with the principle of non-linearity of the scientific progress, hence, the ontology of a theory is always conventional and relational, and the resulting fallibilism (exposure to mistakes) of a theoretical construction supposes that it can be falsified when confronted by contradictory empirical data.

5

OCHRANA PROTI FALŠOVANIU LISTÍN VYDÁVANÝCH HODNOVERNÝMI MIESTAMI V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKOM ZÁKONODARSTVE

75%

Glejtek M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2018

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tom 22

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nr 1

58 – 78

EN

Major cases of violation of law in the Middle Ages included falsification of documents of a legal nature (charters). The falsification of documents could cause considerable damages to a property of individuals and groups of people. Due to this reason, a considerable attention was paid to falsification of documents and protection against the falsification in the medieval legislation. Important publishers of documents in the Medieval Hungarian society were the so called places of authentication (loca credibilia). The presented article focuses on the chapters and conventions that provided such function in the Middle Ages. The importance of these institutions in the protection against unauthorized publishing of charters is also evidenced in several legal standards. The article provides an analysis of the legal standards, in particular the royal decrees (laws), the customary law and particular statutes of chapters of canons.