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Habitat overlap between sympatric European hares (Lepus europaeus) and Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) in northern Italy

100%

Vidus-Rosin A. , Meriggi A. , Cardarelli E. , Serrano-Perez S. , Mariani M.-C. , Corradelli C. , Barba A.

nr 1

In northern Italy, the range of the Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) largely overlaps with that of the native European hare (Lepus europaeus) on the Po Plain. Both species appear to have similar habitat requirements. We studied habitat selection by hares and cottontails during feeding activity from September 2006 to August 2007 in two areas where they occur alone (allopatry) and in one area where they occur together (sympatry). The three areas were basically similar, so that shifts in habitat use observed in sympatry should reflect the response to interspecific competition. Habitat selection was examined at micro- and macro-habitat levels throughout seasons. Habitat breadth of both species followed the change of resource availability through seasons in allopatry as well as in sympatry. No shifts in habitat use were evident at macro-habitat level, even during autumn which was the limiting season. Exploitation of shared habitats by the two species seems to be promoted by differential micro-habitat use within macro-habitat types. Cottontails used woods with dense understory in greater proportion than hares, and their present sites were concentrated within the maximum distance of 20 m of the nearest shelter site. Hares were more likely than cottontails to exploit crops, and their sites were distributed even greater than 80 m away from permanent cover patches. The habitat heterogeneity of agricultural ecosystems within the sympatry range could buffer the negative effects of external factors (climate, human disturbance and predation) on hares, and enhance the chances of exploitation of shared habitats by both species.

Individual variations of daily activity patterns in radiotracked European hares during winter

100%

Pepin D. , Cargnelutti B.

tom 39

nr 4

Daily movements during winter of 2 adult male (Nos 1 and 3) and 2 adult female (Nos 2 and 4) radiotracking hares Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 were estimated from simultaneous bearings using a 50 x 50 m grid. As deduced every 4 h both from the average rate of recorded changes of squares on the grid, and from the average distance travelled, we found that the hares had a typically nocturnal locomotor activity pattern. However, when comparing individual data, we found that significant variations occurred from 12.00 to 15.59, and between 00.00 and 07.59. We also estimated that the average daily activity of the hares started near sunset (mean = 23 min after sunset, range + 110 min), and ended near sunrise (mean = 14 min before sunrise, range ± 60 min), male No 1 usually spending more time in activity than the 3 other specimens, Finally, we assessed the differences in nocturnal distance travelled between individuals (Nos 2, 3, and 4) for a given period (during week 6, mean = 3.91 km, range 6.02-2.62), and also during several nights (during weeks 6, 8, 10 and 12) for male No 3. We concluded that some inter- and intra-individual variations of activity patterns occurred on various time scales (day-to-day or during a given night), such differences probably contributing to confuse predators.

Contents of cadmium and lead in liver, kidneys and blood of the European hare [Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778] in Malopolska

100%

Wajdzik M.

nr 2

European hare and European rabbit [Lagomorpha] as intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis species [Sporozoa] in Central Europe

70%

Odening K. , Wesemeier H. H. , Pinkowski M. , Walter G. , Sedlaczek J. , Bockhardt I.

nr 3