Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Koncepcja krzemieniarstwa schyłkowego na przykładzie eneolitu Moraw

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Kopacz J.

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tom 60

25-47

EN

The concept of Terminal Lithic Industries has been developed as a result of a century-long interest of Polish archaeologists in chipped stone materials from the turn of Stone and Bronze Ages. Terminal assemblages of that period are described by such elements as: prevalence of easy available local rocks of any quality over imported rocks, decline of laminar techniques, gradual replacement of typological tools by non-typological forms of expedient use, the presence of implements of «high technical investment» serving mainly as prestige symbols, etc. The concept is presented in relations to lithic assemblages from younger stages of the Moravian Eneolithic.

2

The settlement of the Baden culture at site 1 in Zofipole, Kraków district (results of excavations conducted in 1986)

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Dobrzańska H. , Wilczyński J. , Zastawny A.

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2016

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tom 68

223-262

EN

Site 1 in Zofipole east of Kraków is known for long-standing research conducted in 1930s and 1940s. In 1986 test excavations were conducted in the eastern, up to then unrecognized part of the area. This research led to the discovery of a part of a small settlement of the Baden culture yielding interesting and diversified (while not numerous) sources for studies into this culture in Lesser Poland. This research is worth discussing due to new radiocarbon data, animal bones analyses, the discoveries of a dwelling feature and presumed symbolic burial and fragments of pottery for salt production.

3

Relikty dwóch nurtów osadniczych związanych z kulturą niemeńską i łużyckimi polami popielnicowymi odkrytych na stanowisku 4 w Starych Zambrzycach, gm. Rutki, woj. podlaskie

88%

Affelski J. , Machnio K.

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tom 11

69-106

EN

The article presents part of the results of archaeological excavations carried out in 2015 within the construction of the S8 expressway in Stare Zambrzyce, site 4 (AZP38-80/20), Rutki commune, Podlaskie Voivodeship. Research effort brought interesting results, such as the discovery of four settlement currents related to the Eneolithic (the Neman culture), the Bronze Age (Lusatian fields of cinerary urns), the early Middle Ages (12th century), and the modern period (2nd half of the 15th – 17th century). This article is devoted to the oldest two settlement phases related to the Neman culture and the Lusatian fields of cinerary urns.

4

Unusual Middle Paleolithic Stone Tool from Southern Moravia with Possible Relations to Southern Poland

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Šebela L. , Přichystal A. , Škrdla P. , Humpolová A.

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tom LII

5

Grave of the Corded Ware culture from site 2 in Aleksandrowice, Kraków District

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Peschel K. , Włodarczak P.

Folia Quaternaria

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2020

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tom nr 88

79--92

EN

Graves from the Final Eneolithic period are very common in the loess uplands of western Lesser Poland (Małopolska). Their predominant form is a catacomb construction, related to the Kraków-Sandomierz group of the Corded Ware culture. A grave from Aleksandrowice, Kraków district, belongs to a smaller group of features known from the western border of this region. The grave goods are comprised of a stone battle-axe and a long blade knife, and the bones of the burial have not survived due to unfavourable soil conditions. The grave construction and the type of furnishing allow us to suppose that the grave was originally covered with a barrow. The faceted stone battle-axe with western stylistic connotations (Bohemia, Central Germany) is a unique find. It is the first find of this type in the western part of Lesser Poland. Based on the nature of the finds, the grave can be dated to around 2700–2500 BC, which means to the younger stage of the “barrow phase” of the Corded Ware culture.

6

The Gumelnița culture settlements in the Prut-Dniester Rivers area, in light of old and new research from Taraclia I (Republic of Moldova)

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Mistreanu E. , Przybyła M. M.

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tom 14

17–39

EN

The discovery of the first Gumelniţa Culture settlements in the region between the Prut and the Dniester Rivers dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. Currently, thirty three settlements of this culture are known in the territory of Ukraine and Moldova. One of them, representing the Stoicani-Aldeni of Gumelniţa Culture variant, is located in Taraclia (Taraclia district, Republicof Moldova). It has been excavated since 1979. In the spring of 2018, magnetic research was carried out on the site. They revealed the presence of a fortification system surrounding an area of approximately 1.7 hectares. It consisted of two parallel ditches forming a quadrangular arrangement. Similar fortifications have been discovered on sites belonging to the Gumelniţa-Kodjadermen-Karanovo VI cultural complex, located in the South-Eastern European region

7

Archaeological excavations in Żarska Cave in Żary, Kraków district, 2012–2015: an interim report

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Wojenka M. , Wilczyński J. , Zastawny A.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2016

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tom 8

185-204

EN

This paper reports on the results of archaeological research carried out in the Main Chamber of Żarska Cave, Kraków district, in 2012 and 2014–2015. The excavations dealt with one trench (Trench 2), localized in the north-eastern part of the cave. The trench revealed a c. 350 cm deep sequence, which in total comprised 21 layers including four hearths. As regards archeological records the upper part of the cave filling was of major importance. It was composed of the Holocene humic layers 1 and 2, a large hearth (layer 3), redeposited loess (layers 4 and 5) and dark greyish, compact and greasy textured sediment (layer 6), which included three other hearths. The clayey loess layers beneath stratum 6 were archaeologically sterile. The layers 1 and 2 contained post-medieval and medieval pottery fragments, sherds of ceramics dated to the younger or late Roman Age/early Migrations Period (Przeworsk culture), several metal artifacts, human and animal bones. As regards human bones, three radiocarbon datings were made. Datings indicate that investigated human remains may correspond with younger or late Roman Age/early Migrations Period finds assemblage (1755±30 BP, 1755±25 BP, 1655±30 BP). Noteworthy are the remains of counterfeiters’ workshop recorded in layers 1 and 2. Stratum 3 (a hearth) contained Medieval finds, while layers 4 and 5 did not produce any archaeological records. Layer 6 was a laminated structure, consisted of several varying shades of grey laminae. It is noteworthy that charcoal was frequently found within this layer and most likely it was associated with three recorded hearths (layer 19 – hearth 2, layer 20 – hearth 3 and layer 21 – hearth 4). Finds assemblages of layer 6 mostly consisted of pottery fragments of the Eneolithic Baden culture, flint and bone artifacts, a fragment of polished stone battle axe and numerous animal remains.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wstępne sprawozdanie z badań wykopaliskowych przeprowadzonych w Komorze Głównej Jaskini Żarskiej w Żarach w latach 2012–2015. Prace wykopaliskowe prowadzono w obrębie jednego wykopu badawczego (wykop 2), zlokalizowanego w północno-wschodniej partii jaskini. Wykop 2 ujawnił złożoną sytuację stratygraficzną. Zarejestrowano tu 21 nawarstwień (w tym cztery paleniska), przy czym na zabytki archeologiczne natrafiano wyłącznie w górnych partiach wypełniska jaskini. Warstwy 1 i 2 określić można jako poziomy próchnicze. Zawierały one liczne ułamki naczyń datowanych na okres nowożytny, średniowiecze oraz na młodszy lub późny okres rzymski, względnie na wczesne fazy okresu wędrówek ludów (kultura przeworska). Warstwy te dostarczyły ponadto pojedynczych zabytków metalowych oraz ludzkich i zwierzęcych szczątków kostnych. Na uwagę zasługują tu charakterystyczne okrawki metalu (miedziane lub brązowe), świadczące o praktykowanym w jaskini procederze bicia fałszywej monety. Warto nadmienić, iż wiek trzech kości ludzkich datowano 14C techniką akceleratorową (AMS). Uzyskane wyniki odpowiadają odkrytym w jaskini zabytkom ruchomym reprezentującym inwentarz kultury przeworskiej i wynoszą odpowiednio 1755±30 BP (Poz-67070), 1755±25 BP (Poz-58069) oraz 1655±30 BP (Poz-67069). Warstwa 3 (palenisko 1) zawierała głównie zabytki średniowieczne (poł. XIII – poł. XIV w.). Przekładki warstw zgruzowionego lessu (warstwy 4 i 5) nie zawierały zabytków archeologicznych. Bardzo interesujących inwentarzy dostarczyła natomiast laminowana, ciemnoszara i tłusta warstwa nr 6, której sedymentacja, jak wskazuje inwentarz ruchomy, przypadła głównie na czas eneolitu. W nawarstwieniu tym stwierdzono ułamki naczyń (w tym kultury badeńskiej) oraz pojedyncze zabytki krzemienne, kamienne i kościane. Zalegający poniżej warstwy 6. pakiet osadów jaskiniowych nie dostarczył zabytków archeologicznych. Skalne dno jaskini zarejestrowano na głębokości ok. 350 cm, licząc od współczesnego poziomu deptaniska.

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Eneolithic metal objects hoard from Kałdus, Chełmno commune, kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship

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Adamczak K. , Kowalski Ł. , Bojarski J. , Weinkauf M. , Garbacz-Klempka A.

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2015

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tom 67

199-219

EN

The paper presents the results of archaeological and metallurgical research performed on a hoard of three metal objects: a double spiral ornament, a dagger and a hammer-axe. The artefacts were discovered at site 2 in Kałdus, Chełmno commune, kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship. The objects were discovered within the Wiórek phase of a Funnel Beaker culture context. They were probably deposited into a votive pit. Typological analyses have been carried out. The relative chronology of the objects was determined by the results of typological analyses. The dagger is of Usatovo type and the typological classification of the other objects causes difficulties. The hoard is dated to the second half of the 4th millennium cal. BC. The artefacts’ chemical composition and macrostructure analyses were also performed. It has been concluded that all the objects from the hoard were made of arsenic copper with the dagger also enriched with arsenic minerals. The manufacture technique and objects’ usage traces have been recognized. Using the results of typological and chemical analyses the provenance of the hoard from Kałdus is discussed

9

Pierwsze znalezisko eneolitycznej siekiery miedzianej na Mazowszu „Źródła archeologiczne w rejonie Parku Kulturowego Wietrzychowice”

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Adamczak K. , Samborski M. , Garbacz-Klempka A. , Bednarz S. , Kowalski Ł.

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tom 63

85-94

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki studiów archeometalurgicznych dotyczących płaskiej siekiery, odkrytej przypadkowo w 2016 r. na gruntach miejscowości Łady, gm. Iłów, pow. sochaczewski. Zabytek jest pierwszym okazem eneolitycznej siekiery miedzianej z Mazowsza. Przeprowadzono badanie składu surowcowego siekiery (EDXRF) i analizę jej powierzchni (OM). Określono przynależność typologiczną zabytku i poddano pod dyskusję kulturowo- społeczny kontekst siekier płaskich na obszarze ziem polskich. Ustalono, że siekiera została odlana z miedzi arsenowej i nie była najprawdopodobniej użytkowana w pradziejach. Kontekst odkrycia oraz stan zachowania zabytku wskazują, że został on zdeponowany w środowisku mokrym. Na podstawie analizy typologicznej siekierę z Ład zaklasyfikowano do typu Bytyń w wariancie A. Powinno się zatem traktować ją jako pojedynczy skarb akwatyczny, zdeponowany przez wspólnoty kultury pucharów lejkowatych z Kotliny Warszawskiej między 3600/3500–3200/3100 cal.BC.

EN

This work presents the archaeometallurgical studies performed on the flat axe discovered accidentally in 2016 near the village Łady, Iłów commune, Sochaczew district. The axe is the first find of such an object reported from Mazovia. The axe is described in terms of raw-material profile (EDXRF) as well as its macrostucture (OM). This has been juxtaposed throughout this work with the results of typological and contextual (sociocultural) analysis of the Bytyń axes, which have also been found on Polish territory. It has been established that the axe was cast from arsenical copper. It is likely that the find from Łady did not serve as a functional tool in the past. The discovery context and the state of preservation indicate that the axe was deposited in an aquatic environment. By means of a typological analysis the find from Łady was classified as a flat axe of Bytyń A type and therefore it should be considered as the single hoard deposited by the Funnel Beaker culture communities from the Warsaw Basin between 3600/3500 and 3200/3100 cal. BC.