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1

Upper Cretaceous of the Barranca (Navarra, northern Spain); integrated litho-, bio- and even stratigraphy. 1, Cenomanian through Santonian

100%

Kuchler T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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1998

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tom Vol. 48, no. 2

157-236

EN

Fossiliferous Upper Cenomanian to Lower Maastrichtian strata in Navarra, northern Spain, particularly in the eastern Barranca, were investigated in terms of litostratigraphy, macrofossil biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy. Extensive bed-by bed-collections of ammonites, inoceramids, and echinoids allow the establishment of combined standard zonal schemes of inter-regional significance. Data on geochronological boundaries, macrofossil distribution, the succession of events and the inter-relations between bioevents, eustato-events and tectonic movements in northern Spain are presented. The Upper Cenomanian - Turonian successions of the Barranca sections (Arardi, Izurdiaga, Satrustegui) and of the Estella area (Ganuza, Ollogoyen), differ considerably in both lithofacies and thickness and periodically, in faunal composition, as a result of their palaeogeographical positions within an stable outer shelf and an unstable mit-shelf, respectively. The Ganuza/Ollogoyen standard section is revised. In the context of the established event stratigraphical scheme, discrepancies in previously applied ammonite zonation are pointed out and discussed in terms of their regional relevance. The expanded and relatively complete Turonian of the Estella area is subdivided into an unnamed interval devoid of ammonites (Upper Cenomanian Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone to the mid-Lower Turonian), six ammonite zones and an inoceramid/ammonite assemblage zone. The upper Lower Turonian Kamerunoceras ganuzai/Mammites nodosoides Zone is succeeded by the Middle Turonian zones of K. turoniense, Romaniceras kallesi, R. ornatissimum and R. deverianum; and the Upper Turonian Subprionocyclus neptuni and Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis/ Prionocyclus germari zones. The Lower Turonian zonal scheme given by WIEDMANN (1979a) for the Estella area is shown to be impracticable, and neither Lower Turonian Choffaticeras quaasi Zone sensu SANTAMARIA (1992) nor a Watinoceras coloradoense Zone sensu LAMOLDA & al. (1989) can be recognized. On the other hand, the refined French Middle Turonian ammonite zonation of AMEDRO & al. (1982) is readily applicable, while the application of a Collignoniceras woolgari Zone is hardly possible. The base of the Middle Turonian has been placed at the FAD of K. turoniense, at a level stratigraphically lower (upper Lower Turonian) than the one recently accepted. C. woollgari is rare and appears no lower than the ornatissimum Zone. The base of the Upper Turonian is placed at the FAD of Subprionocyclus neptuni. Romaniceras deverianum appears considerably lower than the former, but has its main occurrence in the neptuni Zone, ranging up to overlap with Prionocyclus germari. The Barranca succession is condensed and includes hiati from the Upper Cenomanian Neocardioceras juddii Zone to the upper ganuzai/ nodosoides Zone; between the Middle Turonian kallesi and ornatissimum zones; and in the lower Upper Turonian neptuni Zone. Twelve bio-events that are significant for regional and inter-regional correlations are differentiated and dated: the Mytiloides kossmati, ganuzai, reveliereanus, turoniense/hercynicus, kallesi/ornatissimum, Scaphites geinitzii, Subprionocyclus I, Micraster ex gr. normanniaecortestudinarium, Subprionocyclus II events. Most of these events are time-equivalents of events already recognised by ERNST & al. (1983) in Germany. The biostratigraphic framework permits a dating and correlation of the major tectono-sedimentary and eustato-events, namely the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE), the Middle Turonian Event (MTE) and Lower Upper Turonian Event (LUTE). The calcareous Coniacian - Santonian succession of the eastern Barranca (Izurdiaga, Ecay and Zuazu sections), is divided into Lower Izurdiaga, Zuazu and Upper Izurdiaga formations, and into numerous component members. The succession is rich in echinoids, and is biostratigraphically important because of the cooccurrence of inoceramids and ammonites. The Coniacian ammonite assemblages show affinities to those of the French type region and to the largely endemic ones of the Spanish standard sections in Burgos. The data obtained permit a confident correlation of the biostratigraphic frameworks of these two areas for the first time. In contrast to the widespread basal Coniacian hiatus, the Barranca succession at this level is locally relatively complete. The lower Coniacian Cremnoceramus rotundatus, Forresteria petrocoriensis and Peroniceras subtricarinatum zones, the Middle Coniacian Gauthiericeras margae Zone and the lower Upper Coniacian Protexanites bourgeoisi Zone are recognized. In marginal sections, the bourgeoisi Zone is followed by an hiatus which comprises the late Upper Coniacian Magadiceramus subquadratus and the Lower Santonian Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus inoceramid zones recognized in the continuous section of the western Barranca. By means of ammonites, the Santonian at Olazagutia is divided into an unnamed interval devoid of ammonites; the middle Coniacian Texanites quiquenodosus and the Upper Santonian Jouaniceras hispanicum/Scalarites cingulatum Zone. This scheme has affinities with the zonation applied by KENNEDY & al. (1995) in the Corbieres, France. In addition to a sequence of regionally important events and marker-beds, some events, namely the Didymotis II, Micraster ex gr. cortestudinarium andCladoceramus undulatoplicatus events, are of inter-basinal importance.

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New paleontological data from the Turonian and Coniacian of the Opole Trough (SW Poland)

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Niedźwiedzki R. , Godlewska A.

Geologia Sudetica

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2005

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tom Vol. 37

27-33

EN

This report is on the first Micrabaciidae (Micrabacia sp.) solitary corals to have been found in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Opole Trough. We also present descriptions of the first nautilids (Cymatoceras sp.; smooth-shelled Nautilidae), regular echinoids (Gauthieria radiata (Sorignet, 1850) and solitary corals (Parasmilia sp.) to have been found in the Lower Coniacian of the Opole region.

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Middle Miocene coralgal facies at Maksymivka near Ternopil (Ukraine) : a preliminary account

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Radwański A. , Górka M. , Wysocka A.

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tom Vol. 56, no. 1

89-103

EN

A peculiar coralgal facies is recognized in the Lviv-Ternopil region, Ukraine, from the northern shores of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) Fore-Carpathian Basin. Its complex structure is dominated by algal buildups composed of interfingering red-algal (lithothamnian) colonies and blue-green-algal crusts, associated locally with numerous hermatypic corals (Tarbellastraea reussiana, Porites vindobonarum prima), either isolated, or overlapping each other. The holes amidst, and the crevices in, the buildups are filled with coarse bioclastic sediment (shell-grit), burrowed commonly by crustacean decapods (alpheid shrimps). The alpheid burrows, filled with coarser or finer shell-grit, served frequently as taphonomic traps for crustacean decapods (squat lobsters and crabs) and echinoids.Special attention is paid to the activity of rock-boring bivalves (Jouannetia semicaudata, Lithophaga lithophaga) in coralgal buildups and/or in particular coral colonies, some of which are redeposited, and riddled densely by bivalve borings. Emphasis is given to the environmental significance of alpheid shrimps, the tiered burrows of which are recorded in the Fore-Carpathian Basin for the first time. Crustacean decapods and echinoids are systematically studied. A comparison of the studied coralgal facies with others of the Lviv-Ternopil region, and those from the territory of Poland, indicates their faunistic and biogeographic identity.

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Echinoids as substrates for encrustation : review and quantitative analysis

75%

Borszcz T.

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tom Vol. 82, No. 2

139-–149

EN

The existing literature, including records of both fossil and extant echinoid encrustation, is quantitatively analysed and reviewed. This shows that echinoid encrustation (number of encrusted echinoid taphocoenoses) has increased nearly continuously and dramatically to the present day, as confirmed by linear regression values of more than 85 per cent. It also demonstrates that current levels of echinoid fouling stabilised by the Miocene, while there has been a more or less continuous record of echinoid encrustation since the Late Cretaceous. Several increases have been identified since echinoid encrustation first noted occurrence from the Late Carboniferous. This trend is explained as the probable result of corresponding increases in productivity (richness, biomass, energetics, ecospace utilisation) and resources in the marine environment, including epibionts and their hosts. This conclusion matches other indicators, including the number and thickness of shell beds, bioerosion and predation intensity or biodiversity. The trajectory might have been altered to some degree by biases (e.g. selective recording, sampling effort, outcrop area, rock volume) in the same way as palaeobiodiversity estimates. Two recognised long-term gaps in echinoid encrustation (Upper Ordovician–Lower Carboniferous and Permian–Lower Cretaceous) are explained in part as bias and as biological and taphonomic signals. These gaps are caused mostly by the rapid disarticulation of Palaeozoic-type echinoids, the methodology applied here, and a lack of interest in the encrustation of Jurassic echinoids. Conversely, three short-term gaps in the Cenozoic are interpreted exclusively as bias. If correct, the present study demonstrates quantitatively the step-wise increase of productivity through time. It also suggests potential focus on further study, including the collection of new data from the field and pre-existing collections, as best for other encrustation proxies (e.g., percent of coverage by epibionts, ratio of encrusted to nonencrusted shells, taxa richness or numerical abundance of sclerobionts) in cases of large-scale analyses.

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Myzostomid and copepod infestation of Jurassic echinoderms: A general approach, some new occurrences, and/or re-interpretation of previous reports

63%

Radwańska U. , Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2005

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tom Vol. 55, no. 2

109-130

EN

A study of diverse cysts developed on fossil echinoderms from Poland results in the recognition that these on Late Jurassic crinoid stems are attributable to the life activity of myzostomidan polychaetes, and those on Middle and Late Jurassic echinoids, to the activity of copepod arthropods. A review of formerly reported cysts of coeval age from Europe and western Asia permits the distinguishing of several types that differ in shape and/or location on the echinoderm skeleton. Although the studied cysts qualify as trace fossils (which require a separate ichnotaxonomy), their ethological and ecological characteristics are presented in terms of interspecific parasite-host relationships. The classical interpretation of VON GRAFF (1885) is affirmed for myzostomidan endocysts in crinoid stems, whereas for echinoid tests a new interpretation is offered for large exocysts ("Halloween pumpkin-mask" type) as having been induced by copepods,comparable in their ethology to those on present-day biota (hydrocorals) other than echinoderms. A copepod attribution by MERCIER (1936) of cysts (Castexia type) on some Middle Jurassic collyritid echinoids from France is fully accepted. This is supplemented by some new finds in Poland, a re-study of the Castexia cysts from France, and a re-interpretation of former reports from the literature. Eco-ethological consequences of the location of copepods in the ambulacral and peristomial parts of cidaroid and hemicidaroid echinoids are discussed; larval settling apparently took place at the tubefeet pores and gonopores, through which the copepod larvae reached the echinoid.s interior and began to parasitize it. Attribution of the discussed cysts to copepods yields, consequently, an extension of the stratigraphical range of the class Copepoda H. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1840, to the Early Jurassic.In POSTSCRIPT, suggested is the bald-sea-urchin disease to have caused some lesions in the collyritid echinoids (Middle Jurassic: Callovian) from France.

6

Mass aggregation of Middle Miocene spine-coated echinoids Echinocardium and their integrated eco-taphonomy

63%

Radwański A. , Wysocka A.

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tom Vol. 51, nr 4

295-316

EN

A unique "Fossillagerstatte" of spatangoid echinoids of the genus Echinocardium from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) sandy deposits of the Fore-Carpathian Depression, as exposed at Gleboviti (=Chlebowice) in the Ukraine, is characterised by a mass occurrence of tests often preserving their entire spine canopy, apparently unaffected by taphonomic filtering. These echinoids represent a new species, Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov., and are assumed to have had a similar mode of life as the extant, cosmopolitan species E. cordatum (PENNANT, 1777), i.e. relatively deep burrowing and confined to the sublittoral. Violent storms and/or storm-generated currents are held responsible for stirring up the sand and for bringing live specimens, of all ontogenetic stages, to the surface upon which followed deposition of a heavy-loaded sediment from which they could not escape. Thus, specimens are interpreted to have been buried alive, with all spines attached. Mass aggregation of tests occured either in patches laid down in vortical flutes on the current-swept seafloor, or within tabular scrolls of cross-bedded strata where they are locally imbricated. A functional analysis of the spines of Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov., and primarily of the large, triangular fan of plastron spines, suggests specimens to have been adapted to rapid burrowing throughout a weakly coherent and nutrient-poor sandy bottom. Ascribed to Echinocardium leopolitanum sp.nov. burrows, whose structure is comparable to, if not identical with, those of other Echinocardium species. The taxonomic potential of such burrows is discussed and it is suggested that names applied recently in ichnological analyses are in need of a modern revision.

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The Upper Cretaceous succession (Cenomanian - Santonian) of the Staffhorst Shaft, Lower Saxony, northern Germany: integrated biostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and downhole geophysical log data

63%

Niebuhr B.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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1999

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tom Vol. 49, no. 3

175-213

EN

The Cenomanian to Santonian succession of the Staffhorst shaft, ca. 50 km south of Bremen, because of its structural position in the northern German Upper Cretaceous basin, is intermediate in character and fossil content between the pelagic sediments characterizing the Pompeckj Block in the north and the proximal sediments of the Lower Saxony Block in the south. The biostratigraphic subdivision of the shaft is based on inoceramids, echinoids, belemnites and foraminifera. The various biozonations and zonal boundaries used in the Boreal Realm are compared and applied to the zonation of the shaft succession, and the biostratigraphy of the individual fossil groups is described. A new inoceramid zone, that of Inoceramus gibbosus, is proposed for the topmost Lower Coniacian; and an echinoid assemblage zonation is introduced. The existing benthic foraminiferal zonation of the Middle Turonian to Santonian has been modified, with changed age assignments based on the macrofossil zonation. The proposed basal stage boundary criteria of the "Second International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries" (Brussels, 1995) could be applied only in some cases. The proximity of the Staffhorst shaft to the trial borehole, situated only 39 m away, has permitted the Self Potential (SP) and Resistivity (R) logs to be uniquely directly calibrated against the lithostraligraphical and biostratigraphic succession of the shaft. The previous identification of some stage and substage boundaries on the logs of northern German boreholes based on foraminiferal zonation will need to be shifted by several tens of metres as a result of thid calibration.

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Wstępne dane o nagromadzeniu jeżowców z rodzaju Conulus w profilu dolnego turonu Glanowa (niecka miechowska)

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Borszcz T. , Gajerski A. , Rakociński M. , Szczepańczyk A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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tom Vol. 56, nr 7

552-556

EN

An interesting phenomenon of echinoid accumulation occurring in the Lower Turonian (Mytiloides labiatus Zone) at Glanów village (Miechów Upland) is the main topic of the paper. The bed investigated consists of poorly cemented sandy-marly limestones with thickness of about 30 cm. The accumulation of echinoids is older than that of documented in Wielkanoc which is of middleto-late Turonian age and situated in the same region under study. Apart from a dominant echinoid species Conulus subrotundus Mantell represented by adult and juvenile forms that are dispersed in the bed, the second echinoid species -a regular form Salenocidaris granulosa (Woodward)-has also been noted. Additionally, the skeletal elements of crinoids, ophiuroids, asteroids, as well as bryozoans, annelids, poriferans and shark teeth have also been found in the bed under study. Preliminary observations indicate that the origin of the echinoid accumulation corresponds well with the Conulus bed from the Wielkanoc quarry as a result of luxuriant development of echinoids and complex sedimentological, paleoecological and tectonic factors.

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Upper Cretaceous of the Barranca (Navarra, northern Spain); integrated litho-, bio- and event stratigraphy.Part 2, Campanian and Maastrichtian

51%

Kuchler T.

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tom Vol. 50, no. 4

441-499

EN

Campanian to Lower Maastrichtian strata of the eastern Barranca (Navarra, northern Spain), based on 11 exposures near Irurzun, were investigated in detail and correlated with coeval strata of the western Barranca and the Oroz-Betelu Massif (Navarra). The Sarasate Formation exposed in the Barranca in divided into ten members. Deposition was influenced by uplift of the Anoz-Ollo salt structure during the latest Santonian and Early Campanian. The Campanian-Maastrichtian of Navarra is characterised by thick and relatively complete successions containing biostratigraphically significant fossil groups (ammonites, inoceramids, echinoids). Detailed bed-by-bed collecting has enabled the establishment of an integrated zonal scheme with potential for interbasinal correlation. In addition to local peak, partial range and assemblage zones, based on echinoids and ammonite-echinoid assemblages, an ammonite zonation, based on an unnamed interval and the following 10 partial range (PRZ) and assemblage zones (AZ) of Scaphites hippocrepis III, S. hippocrepis III/Menabites spp., Hoplitoplacenticeras marroti, Trachyscaphites spiniger, Pseudoxybeloceras phaleratum, Nostoceras (Bostrychoceras) polyplocum, Trachyscaphites pulcherrimus, N. (didymoceras) archiacianum, N. (Nostoceras) hyatti and Pachydiscus neubergicus/Pachydiscus epiplectus, is presented. The ammonite zonation markedly refines both the existing regional and the so-called European standard zonal schemes. Correlation with other Spanish areas (Cantabria, Burgos and Guipuzcoa), the Aquitaine (France), Westphalia and Lower Saxony (Germany) and the Vistula valley (Poland) is discussed. Twelve of the recognised bio-events, characterised by mass-occurrences of irregular echinoids and of monospecific, or taxonomically more variable, mostly heteromorph ammonite assemblages, are significant for regional correlation. Three Offaster maxima are of interbasinal importance as they can be correlated to Germany, Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The origin of these bio-events is closely related to the transgressive and regressive pulses recognised in Navarra, of which the pomeli Transgression I and the hippocrepis, subglobosa and polyplocum regressions are the most pronounced. The tectonic phase at the Santonian/Campanian boundary is related to the Wernigerode Phase. The onset of the second phase is placed in the lower Upper Campanian marotti Zone, the onset of a third phase (UCTE) in theUpper Campanian polyplocum Zone.

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Copepod-infested Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) echinoids from northern France

51%

Radwańska U. , Poirot E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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tom Vol. 60, no. 4

549-555

EN

New examples of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) parasitic exocysts on acrosaleniid echinoid tests are recorded from northern France. These exocysts can be attributed to the life activity of copepod crustaceans and are considered to have been formed as a result of copepod larval settlement in these echinoids by way of the gonopores. Sexual dimorphism is recognised in copepod-infested Acrosalenia spinosa L. Agassiz, 1840, on the basis of size and position of gonopores, those in females being larger and wider apart, those in males smaller and situated subcentrally. The previous stratigraphic range of copepod cysts of this type (i.e., Middle Oxfordian to Middle Kimmeridgian) can now be extended down to the base of the Bathonian (convergens Subzone).