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1

VALUE ORIENTATIONS AS FACTORS OF SOCIAL TRUST, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, AND LIFE SATISFACTION

100%

Vyrost J. , Kentos M. , Fedakova D.

Studia Psychologica

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2007

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tom 49

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nr 4

283-294

EN

The current paper presents results based on European Social Survey Round 2 data (2002-2004). The sample consisted of respondents from 24 countries; N = 45 681 (aged 15 - 100; M = 45.25). Several scales were used to meet the aim of the study: Schwartz's Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ), Social Trust Scale (STS), Trust in Institutions Scale (TIS), Political Participation Scale (PPS), Satisfaction with Life in General Scale. Participants were divided into 4 quadrants according to their PVQ scores on the dimensions openness to change vs. conservation and self-enhancement vs. self-transcendence. The results indicate that participants with self-transcendence orientation scored significantly higher in the Social Trust Scale (perceived honesty, objectivity, consistency, competence, and fairness in relationships between individuals), Trust in Social Institutions Scale (from national to international institutions), and also in the Political Participation Scale. These participants also perceived their lives as more satisfactory.

2

Postoje k imigrantům a dopadům migrace v evropských zemích

100%

Chaloupkova J. , Salamounova P.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 1

57-80

EN

This article focuses on a comparison of attitudes towards migration in twenty European countries. It analyses data from the European Social Survey 2002. The first part of the article contains a summary of the available sources of data on migration and a brief outline of developments and the current state of migration in Europe. The second part looks at the question of whether attitudes towards immigrants are related to the numbers and structure of immigrants in a country and their economic situation. Three thematic areas are examined: 1) the host population's willingness to accept immigrants; 2) perceptions of the impact of immigration on the host country; 3) attitudes towards different forms of integration of immigrants. The findings indicate that Europeans are more willing to accept migrants that are of the same race (ethnic group) and from Europe than they are migrants of a different race (ethnic group) and from states outside Europe. The strongest unwillingness to accept people from other states and the strongest emphasis on the negative impact of immigration was observed in Greece and Hungary, while the strongest willingness to accept immigrants was found in Sweden and Switzerland and was connected with a more positive perception of the impact of immigration.

3

QUESTION OF EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF TRUST IN THE ESS R1-7 DATA

80%

Výrost J.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

-

EN

A stable and strong correlation between economic indicators and social trust is well-documented. Our analysis confirmed that 3 indicators of Group A together are significant predictors of trust for people with GINI as significant single predictor. The complex indicators addition into the group of predictors increased powerfully the explanatory power of MODEL 2 and in this constellation the CPI manifested as the most effective predictor. The addition of four ESS indicators in this case did not change the situation dramatically and in this case the CPI manifested itself as the most powerful predictor. The general idea that there is a connection between “simple” indicators of national economic performance and trust towards political institutions in ESS data (Round 1-3) was tested already. Historically the main focus in research was oriented towards the question of internal validity. In the context of the survey research data the usual expectation is that well known disadvantages of this kind of data could be compensated by their external validity. In the ESS the highest attention is paid to the questions of methodological rigor, and in this sense also to the validity of collected data. The results of our analyses confirmed that there exists a serious connection between ESS data and different social indicators not only “inside” but also “outside” the survey.

4

Aktivní občanství a spokojenost s demokracií v Evropě

80%

Vlachova K. , Lebeda T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 1

11-34

EN

In this article the authors describe what forms of political participation, outside the electoral process, the populations of twenty-one European countries tend to employ and to what degree. They identify three types of non-electoral political participation: active-conventional, active-demonstrational, and passive participation. Overall non-electoral political participation is considerably lower in the post-communist and Mediterranean countries than in the Western European and Scandinavian countries. In the latter countries the passive type of political participation is clearly a much stronger form of participation than the other two types. Conversely, in the Mediterranean countries passive participation is weaker and is exceeded in places by the active-conventional type of participation. The Mediterranean area is also notable for the unusually strong presence of the active-demonstrational type of participation. The authors also examine the social micro and macro-conditions related to these three types of political participation. In conclusion they attempt to address the question of whether there is a connection between political activity and satisfaction with the way democracy works.

5

Životní spokojenost, štěstí a rodinný stav v 21 evropských zemích

80%

Hamplova D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 1

35-55

EN

The article focuses on the relationship between marital status and life satisfaction in the countries of Europe. The first part of the article discusses subjective evaluations of life satisfaction and the theoretical concepts that explain differences in the levels of life satisfaction according to marital status. The second part of the article is devoted to empirical analyses of data from the European Social Survey (ESS), the results of which indicate that in the countries studied married people tend to be more satisfied with life than others, even though the strength of this effect varies. The differences in the effect of marriage cannot be ascribed to a given society's divorce rate. In some countries the life satisfaction of the cohabiting population is almost as high as for married people, while in other countries it is closer to the level of life satisfaction observed among single people, and in other countries the level of satisfaction of the cohabitating individuals lies midway between married and single people.

6

FACTORS OF POLITICAL INTEREST – THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL POLITICAL EFFICACY IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF EUROPE

80%

Szabó A. , Oross D.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

-

EN

The aim of the paper is to map differences among European citizens regarding their political interest. In addition to the standard question of political interest, the dataset of the 7th wave of the European Social Survey includes new questions about individual political competences and about the perception of the political system. Based on this data, citizens’ assessment of their countries political system and of their ability to participate in politics can contribute to a better understanding of differences among European countries concerning those factors that affect political interest. The paper first describes differences between the attitudes of citizens and their perception about their political systems from a European perspective. Then it examines how political interest is influenced by external and internal political efficiency. Our study has confirmed that internal and external political efficacy is correlated in almost all countries. We found that residents of a country who believe that they have their personal skills to influence politics are basically those who say that the political system accepts their demands and vice-versa. Overall, our research has confirmed that political interest stems from internal political efficiency, from cultural and learnable factors. External factors as political systems (openness and closeness) have a lesser influence on it, but it is undeniable that individual competences of citizens are consistently higher in systems that are more open. The traditional cultural differences of Europe's democracies, indicated by Inglehart, Huntington and Haller are still relevant in this regard.

7

CONFIRMATION BIAS EFFECTS IN THE WELFARE BELIEFS OF THE RESIDENTS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

80%

Vyrost J. , Fedakova D. , Kentos M.

Studia Psychologica

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 4

327-332

EN

Confirmation bias phenomenon is known as a tendency of people to prefer information that supports their expectations. European Social Survey Round 4 rotating module (Svallfors et al., 2007) gives opportunity to demonstrate that if people expect some development in their personal lives in future, it has an impact (e.g., confirmation bias) on the way they perceive and interpret the present situation, the conditions of their life.

8

VZŤAH MEDZI VNÍMANÍM BEZPEČIA A HODNOTOVOU ORIENTÁCIOU

80%

Tomková J.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 1

-

EN

This study focuses on correlation of perceived safety and preference of types of values. For this purpose we used ESS data from Round 4, specifically Slovak sample consisting of 1810 respondents. The results showed only low levels of correlations in variables of interest, but still significant. We found out that the polarity of the dimensions shown in the Schwartz values model affects the perception of safety.

9

Měření hodnotových orientací metodou hodnotových portrétů S. H. Schwartze

80%

Rehakova B.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 1

107-128

EN

The article acquaints readers with two methods of measuring value orientations developed by S. H. Schwartz. Particular attention is devoted to the Portrait Values Questionnaire, which was used in the European Social Survey in 2002. Using the data file from the survey, the authoress shows how four types of 'higher order' values are represented among the Czech population and how value priorities influence a person's position in the social structure. The article also presents an international comparison.

10

VNÍMANIE INDIVIDUÁLNEJ BEZPEČNOSTI VO VZŤAHU K DOSIAHNUTÉMU VZDELANIU VO VÝSLEDKOCH PROJEKTU ESS NA SLOVENSKU (2. – 5. KOLO)

70%

Homišinová M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 1

-

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to present results of the project “European Social Survey”, which is focused on individual security according to the Slovak respondent perceptions by the means of two monitored indicators: the characteristic of security situation and the personal experiences with the criminality. There were compared results from two rounds realised in the Slovak Republic (the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and the 5th round), together with investigation of a relation between the personal education and individual security perception. The results from other participating countries were also presented in order to illustrate a reciprocal comparison of the findings (results from the all realised rounds).

11

VNÍMANIE BEZPEČIA NA SLOVENSKU A V SUSEDNÝCH KRAJINÁCH V PIATICH KOLÁCH EURÓPSKEJ SOCIÁLNEJ SONDY

70%

Fedáková D.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2012

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tom 15

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nr 4

-

EN

The paper focuses on the perceived safety and expected terrorism threat in Slovakia and its neighbouring countries. Data from the ESS integrated data file 1-5 were analysed. The results indicate that the level of perceived safety is almost similar across the neighbouring countries except the decreased level of safety in Ukraine. The Slovak respondents worry most about the criminal acts as burglary and physical attack. Finally the respondents´ prediction of the terrorist attack in Europe and in their own country was analysed.

12

RODOVÉ ROZDIELY VO VNÍMANÍ BEZPEČIA

60%

Bozogáňová M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 1

-

EN

This paper focuses on the perceived safety and gender differences in different countries. We analysed data from the 5th round of the European Social Survey. The sample consists of 52 437 respondents from 27 participating countries. The results indicate that in all countries, women have lower rates of perceived safety than men. Individual countries differ in size differences in the perceived safety of men and women. Scales measuring relationship quality, commitment in relationship and relationship with parents in partners not living in marriage

13

WHAT DOES EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY DATA SAY ABOUT WORK-LIFE BALANCE SATISFACTION, WORKING TIME AND WORK ATTACHMENT IN V4 COUNTRIES?

60%

Fedáková D.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

-

EN

The growing importance of everyday work-life balance (WLB) focuses attention on a fair time distribution between the work, life and family domains. Despite the global perception of the crucial role work-life balance plays in everyday routine there are still cross-country differences in WLB satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine cross-country differences and similarities among a group of four neighbouring European countries; the Visegrad group (V4) countries. More specifically the study aimed to describe the level, changes within rounds of data collection and between-group comparisons of selected ESS variables: WLB satisfaction, working time, and work attachment. The correlation analysis was applied to explain and understand relations between selected variables. The correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between WLB satisfaction and both working hours and work attachment in all V4 countries. The results show a similar pattern for Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Czechia, with a significant between-round of WLB satisfaction increase, was the exception. There were almost no differences in level of satisfaction with work-life balance between respondents living with and without children across time in V4 countries. The comparative analysis revealed a difference between respondents with and without children at home when reporting work attachment. For a deeper understanding further analysis should be done in the future with the focus on time use patterns in the context of work and non-work activities with an emphasis on work and family values in the V4 countries.

14

VNÍMANÉ BEZPEČIE U ŽIEN A POROVNANIE MATIEK ŽIJÚCICH S PARTNEROM A BEZ PARTNERA

60%

Husovská D. , Kentoš M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 2

-

EN

The studies from recent years focused on perceived safety repeatedly showed, that women are more afraid. In our study we analysed the data from European Social Survey. In our analysis we chose only women and specifically two groups – mothers living with partner and living without partner. The comparisons showed that in general mothers living with partner are less worried than mothers living without partner. We examined the differences between these two groups in different European countries. Regression analysis showed that the strongest predictor of perceived safety and fear of crime in women is the experience of personal victimization.

15

DO IMPROVE REPEATED CONTACT ATTEMPTS WITH HARD-TO-GET RESPONDENTS THE ACHIEVED SAMPLE? THE EXAMPLE OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY 7 IN POLAND

60%

Sztabiński P. B.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

-

EN

This paper addresses two questions: 1) Do improve repeated contact attempts with hard-to-get respondents in face-to-face surveys the response rate significantly? 2) Do they improve the sample composition? The data used to answer these questions is taken from the European Social Survey round 7 (2014/15) in Poland. That survey, conducted in accordance with a rigorous research design (highly motivated interviewers, two advance letters, incentives for respondents, repeated contact attempts with hard-to-get respondents etc.) achieved a response rate of 65.8%. The findings from our analysis indicate that repeated contact attempts do improve the response rate by more than 20 percentage points. The initial response rate, calculated for easy-to-get respondents, was merely 45.3%. The final response rate was mostly increased thanks to contact attempts with hard-to-reach respondents whereas refusal conversions played a much smaller role. This finding is in line with the results obtained in other studies. Generally speaking, the results of the analysis presented in this paper suggest that the standard face-to-face survey research design, which assumes no more than two contact attempts with the sampled persons, poses a risk for the representativeness of the achieved sample; certain categories of respondents will be overrepresented while others will be underrepresented. This risk can be considerably reduced thanks to multiple contact attempts. Our analysis demonstrates that repeated contact attempts with hard-to-get respondents bring the benefit not only of an increase in the response rate but also of an improvement in the sample composition.