Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

INTERDISCIPLINÁRNE DIMENZIE SLOVENSKEJ ONOMASTIKY V KONTEXTE SLAVISTICKÝCH VÝSKUMOV

100%

Krško J.

Slavica Slovaca

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2013

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tom 48

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nr 1

3 - 8

EN

The author argues the significance of interdisciplinary research and co-operation among the different scientific branches when creating a complex image of scientific research. The author finds the common points with history, ethnology, dialectology, and folkloristics by means of the various examples of onomastic research done in Slovakia. The research results of the aforementioned sciences are a part of the broad pan-Slavonic research and they have become an important part of Slovak slavistics, too.

2

THE CULT OF THE HILL OF CROSSES AS THE SIGN OF POLES AND LITHUANIANS FIGHTING FOR THE FREEDOM OF FAITH AND NATIONALITY

100%

Motuzas A.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

91-104

EN

There are countries in the world where Catholicism has struck deeper roots than in Lithuania. Nevertheless, you will never meet such piety of folk and such expression of spirituality that exist in the Cross Hill. A lot of people respect the Hill of Crosses not only as a religious object, but also as the symbol of the nation's spirit, nationality and freedom. Historical, religious and geopolitical events influenced the birth of this nation.The aim of the research was to reveal the origin of the Hill of Crosses cult. The origin of this cult has been traced in folklore and history. The history of the Hill of Crosses began after the 1831 and 1863 Polish and Lithuanian uprisings against the power of the tsar.The conclusions confirm the hypothesis advanced at the beginning of the article, namely that the cult of the Hill of Crosses is the heritage of Polish Franciscan culture in Lithuania. It is not only the witness to how Poles and Lithuanians suffered and lost the fight for religious and national freedom, but at the same time it is the sign and promise of the victory of the Good against the bad. It is natural that in 2000 a Franciscan abbey was built nearby, which continues to spread the Franciscan culture.

3

POTATOES IN THE TRADITIONAL PEASANT FOOD

100%

Szelagowska G.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

251-274

EN

Until the end of the 18th century cultivated plants - cereals and vegetables and various collected plants were the main source of food of rural population. Cereals were the main food - it was the source of flour and groats, the ingredients necessary to make different meals. Changes in the nutrition habits of rural population started in the second half of the 19th century, when potatoes became commonly grown in Poland. With time potatoes became the main food and replaced or even eliminated such common plants as turnip or swede (rutabaga). In this way they changed the consumer pattern in Polish villages. Potatoes were eaten almost every day, also on holidays. In some regions of Poland they became part of holiday meals, particularly Christmas Eve supper. Potatoes were cooked or baked (in jackets or peeled), boiled peeled, chopped or fried. They were added to borscht (beetroot soup) or 'zur' (soup made from fermented rye flour). They were used to prepare new dishes: stews (with vegetables, fruit or flour), soup, dumplings, pancakes, and pies. They were also added to bread dough, usually to speed up fermentation or to change or improve the taste of bread. Most often potatoes were used for this purpose during famine, poor harvest or pre-harvest period when food was scarce. Popularization of potatoes among the inhabitants of Polish villages was both positive and negative. Potatoes helped avoid malnutrition and hunger. But, because the area of land on which potatoes were grown was increased, the nutrition pattern of the rural population changed. Cultivation of some vegetables was abandoned, as a result of which some nutrients were eliminated from the diet. Furthermore, potatoes contributed to considerable consumption of vodka in Polish villages, since they were a distillery product that was cheaper than cereals.

4

KOLEKTÍVNE VÝSKUMY ĽUDOVEJ SLOVESNOSTI V DRUHEJ POLOVICI 20. STOROČIA. PRÍSPEVOK K DEJINÁM ETNOLÓGIE NA SLOVENSKU

100%

Kiliánová G.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 1-2

24 – 35

EN

The article deals with the history of ethnology in Slovakia from late 1950s to the 1960s. The author investigates the development in the scientific discipline under the influence of fundamental political, social and ideological changes after the communist seizure of power in 1948 in Czechoslovakia. She focuses her research on collective fieldworks devoted to the so called “partisan (guerrilla) folklore”. The empirical data which describe this fieldwork activity show the research strategies of institutions and scholars during the period of penetration of the communist ideology into the discipline and the orientation of Slovak ethnology on the Soviet ethnographic schools.

5

EUGENIUSZ FRANKOWSKI: ETHNOLOGIST IBERIANIST. REMARKS OF AN OCCASIONAL BIOGRAPHER

100%

Tomicki R.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2006

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nr 29

17-21

EN

Interest in the Iberian aspect of the biography of Eugeniusz Frankowski (1884-1962), one of the most eminent Polish ethnologists of the first half of the 20th century, originated unexpectedly, thanks to a personal contact of the author with Professor Maria Frankowska, the widow of Eugeniusz. The author thus terms himself an 'occasional biographer', while the subject of his academic investigations he calls 'Iberica Frankowsciana'. The essay raises a number of questions concerning usefulness of biographical writings for the history of scholarship. It also deals with establishing limits to the biographer's inquires and a hierarchy of the detailed information he is gathering. The author believes that the biographer's duty is to present a portrait as complete as possible; moreover, biographies should be readable. Biographical writings on scholars belong to the history of scholarship sensu largo, including not only the history of ideas but also of people and institutions. Frankowski's career deserves an interpretation both in the frame of historiography of Polish-Spanish contacts and relations, and in the context of the history of Polish ethnology and Iberian studies.

6

FOLKLORISTIKA V SLOVENSKÉM NÁRODOPISE V LETECH 2003 - 2012

100%

Pospíšilová J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

404 – 414

EN

This paper is concerned with the folkloristic studies published in Slovak Ethnology in the years 2003-2012. It traces their themes and proportionate share within the overall context of the journal. The coverage given to the modern study of communication and folklore genres turns out to be impressive. The meritorious level of folkloristic studies corresponds to the advertised rubric, and jointly they create an image of the level of Slovak folkloristics and the systematic work of the journal’s editorial collective.

7

ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF VALUES (SYSTEM OF VALUES OF PRE-MODERN WORLD OF SLOVAK VILLAGE)

100%

Danglova O.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 4

361-381

EN

The contribution deals with the value as a topic in the social sciences discourse.The authoress concentrates on a group of questions concerning the transformation of values as a result of modernisation, the on-going globalisation and, in the Slovak context, a post-communist transformation. She mentions the place given to the research into values by Slovak ethnography and stresses that despite the fact that there are only few earlier research studies concerning the issue of values, some of them have delivered large numbers of precious facts enabling to draw a picture of cultural standards based on the ideas, phenomena, objects, etc. Thus, these earlier ethnographic works might serve as a 'starting point' for the development of the topic - the process of constituting values in the pre-modern pre-industrial world of the Slovak countryside. Although the 'pre-capitalist world' of Slovak small towns and villages was slowly dying away at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (at certain places only in the first half of the 20th century), it was still an omni-present principle of the Slovak micro-cosmos. Concentrating on a corpus of empirical data of the village of Cicmany it was also possible to draw a picture of the village and its inhabitants, and then seek to interpret what values they had, how these values related to how they could satisfy their material and partially also non-material spiritual needs, or whether the local people had their own concept of what was desirable in their social environment. Obviously the approaches to the assessment of their own values reflected the features of a pre-modern society, others changed during capitalist, socialist and post-socialist processes of modernisation. The authoress has highlighted cultural aspects of pre-modernity, which still had a great influence on the everyday life of the village of Cicmany at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In his everyday life, a villager of the pre-modern world, preoccupied by his worries about getting his everyday living, had much respect for standards, conventions and authorities. He firmly stuck to an idea that the division line between the good and the evil was predetermined. He judged events and actions according to whether they complied with what the usual state of affairs should be. Any deviation from the accepted norm caused dissatisfaction, criticism, or was taken as an offence against morality. In this context, an easier way to being knowledgeable of traditionalist pre-modern world values leads through an identification of negative attitudes rather than positive ones. They seem to be more clearly expressed in a disapproval of certain events, phenomena, actions, and objects which do not compare with habits and expectations than in an approval of them.

8

Mužský brunclek na Rožnovsku – identifikace specifické varianty oděvní součástky

88%

Drápalová L.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 22

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nr 2

104 – 110

EN

Through geographical, historical, economical, social, and cultural influences, the traditional dress in Rožnov and its environs developed in a typical form of clothing, which differed from other types of Wallachian folk costume. Its appearance has been documented by written, picture and tangible sources since the late-18th century, as well as by expert literature. Nevertheless, a variant of men’s brunclek with different solution of the back part escaped the attention of the respondents and researchers. The author of this study identifies the above type of brunclek as a brunclek of Rožnov type with the double Princess cut of the back part. Based on comparing works in museum depositaries, the study offers the sight of making and using this different form of brunclek including the cut modification.

9

REGIÓNY A REGIONALIZMUS V SLOVENSKEJ ETNOLÓGII DRUHEJ POLOVICE 20. STOROČIA

88%

Danglová O.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 1-2

15 – 23

EN

Monographic and cartographic methods of regionally oriented research studies belonged in Slovak ethnography and folkloristic to the most preferred and most frequently employed ones between the 1960s and 1980s. Their concepts were characterised by the prevailing orientation on rescue research into the relics of farmer ś culture defined spatially – from local communities at the lowest level up to the larger territorial units. Owing to their vicinity in space, they implied not only close relationship between them but even homogeneity of particular phenomena. Comparison and evaluation of these phenomena from a historical perspective became relevant components of the research. The impulse for conducting regionally oriented research was received from a strong regionalism in the Slovak rural areas, still perceptible in the second half of the 250the century and expressed by means of abundant regional and local forms materialised and visualised in housing, clothing, artistic expression, folklore and rituals.

10

COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN SLOVAKIA AS A SUBJECT OF ETHNOLOGICAL AND MUSEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE 1950's (HISTORICAL/CULTURAL CONTEXT) (Kolektivizacia polnohospodarstva na Slovensku ako predmet etnologickeho a muzeologickeho vyskumu v 50. rok

88%

Slavkovsky P.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 4

419-444

EN

This study presents an ethnological reflection on the process of collectivization of the agriculture in Slovakia. The collectivization process represented a significant discontinuity in the way of life of the rural population that could not have been overlooked by the social sciences (ethnology and museology). However, the problem that both disciplines had been facing at that time was that they had not been involved primarily with that which is considered to be the substance of social science, that is, the search for new knowledge about the society in all of its aspects, but they were also under an ideological influence of the political elites. This is especially valid for the first stage of collectivization.

11

SLOVENSKÝ NÁRODOPIS JOURNAL ( Slovak Ethnology journal) OVER THE PAST FIFTY YEARS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN PERIODICALS

88%

Uherek Z.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

53-65

EN

Surveying the fifty-year-long history of Slovenský národopis (SN), it is possible to speak first about its remarkable stability. During its whole existence it has retained a scientific bias as the overwhelming majority of the published texts has been based in empirical field research. A study of the traditional rural culture was soon complemented by research into the urban environment. A continually firm position, next to various elements of material culture, has been held especially by orally rendered practices. SN has also attempted to reflect world events and to reach beyond the territory of Slovakia. Articles relating to Poland, the Ukraine and the Czech Republic as well as issues concerning Roma culture have always been part of the publishing history of the journal. However, only gradually a growing number of studies devoted to other ethnic groups living in Slovakia, such as Germans and Jews, have began to appear. Nevertheless, even today, comparative studies of the Hungarian ethnic group are still very scarce. SN has always provided a space for international scientists to publish their articles. Although till 1989 it was exclusively open to those from the socialist countries, at present the spectrum of contributors to the journal is constantly growing. Even the period of the so-called normalisation in the 1970's strengthened its position. Over that period the theoretical reflection of the discipline was deepened and this may also be the reason why after 1989 SN attained a balance between texts on empirical material and theoretical and methodological reflections. Although the texts and examples taken from the Slovak environment prevail it is important that it contains articles from other countries, even of outside Europe. Most probably, their numbers will grow. A similar characteristic may be applied to 'Lud' and 'Etnografia Polska' journals. The study of cultural identity, nationalism, environment, cultural constructions of reality, and theoretical reflections have made SN fully comparable to, for instance, 'Ethnologia Scandinavica'.It is regrettable that the effectivity of SN is restrained because of the language generally used despite the fact that a selection of texts, or whole volumes of key importance are published in English or German. It is necessary to underline that the journal bears the marks of the publishing institution, which is exclusively oriented to scientific research because the researchers from the Institute for Ethnology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences are the most frequent contributors. In the 1990', although publishing results of scientific research, SN acquired traits of a social bulletin for the scientists community. The journal creators have exerted much effort to preserve continuity in scientific research and to search for coherence in a wide diversity of ethnological subjects.

12

BIOGRAFICKÝ SLOVNÍK EVROPSKÉ ETNOLOGIE V KONTEXTU ČESKÉ A SLOVENSKÉ OBOROVÉ LEXIKOGRAFIE

88%

Válka M.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 1-2

98 – 107

EN

Special lexicographical publications are created by different fields of science along with general dictionaries and encyclopaedias. This is the case of ethnology since the times of its beginnings, which go back to the end of 18th century in Central Europe. In the beginning encyclopaedias about life and culture from the point of view of the whole world were the most popular. However, later publications dealing with national culture and culture of different European nations emerged. Formation of national state after the Word War I led to production of encyclopaedias, which were supposed to encourage national sovereignty in a new political background. After 1989 the concept of ethnography and folkloristics was substituted by the project of European ethnology. An effort to define new concept of ethnology and to set boundaries in relationship with other fields of science led to production of lexicographic publications, which were supposed to explain mentioned phenomena. Professor Richard Jeřábek from Masaryk University in Brno has been working on biographical dictionary of European ethnology since 2003. It contains 267 entries of personalities, who contributed to forming of European ethnology since 19th century.

13

FOLKLORE AS A CONSTRUCT? (Folklor ako konstrukt?)

88%

Krekovicova E.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 2

162-175

EN

The contribution focuses on terminological as well as theoretical and methodological problems of research studies conducted at the turn of the millennia, which concerns the stating of the position of folkloristics, regarded as a constituent not only in ethnology but also in ethnomusicology, in the relation to ethnology (cultural constructs, folklore, narrativity, cultural heritage and European ethnology). The authoress pointed out that the specification of the term 'construct' from aspect of ethnology is still rather ambiguous.

14

FOLK EXPLANATIONS OF BLOODLANDS: THE MAP OF MASSACRES AND BESTIAL CRUELTIES

88%

Ramsak M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 4

423 – 446

EN

Blood is not solely a body part and a medicinal substance; it’s likewise a metaphor for life. Blood as a social concept has mainly been explored as a symbol of kinship, genetic heritage and lineage, nationalism, race, taboo, in rituals, and blood donations. Besides that, ethnic or national survival is also written on the map with bloody place-names. When the soil is soaked with blood of patriotic defenders and endangering others, the collective memory creates new bloody geographical names. They record the evidence of historically important harsh events, remind us of heroic battles, neighbouring antagonisms, or, provide an insight into religious changes in the area. The stories of violent killings and bloodshed in defence of a country, enriched with fears, imagination and prejudices towards the bloodthirsty foreign invaders, such as Turks or French, upset people’s blood. Though the base kri, blood, Blut, krvav, blutig is proportionally rare in Slovene toponymics, these geographical names describe historic episodes of groups and a nation. The tales about the origin of bloody place-names and about the horrific blood spill, which stops the blood in the veins, became a part of the nation’s cultural heritage.

15

Čamara v evropské kultuře (etnolingvistická studie)

75%

Dědovský D.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 22

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nr 2

111 – 123

EN

The garment known in Bohemia as “čamara” has been documented since the High Middle Ages in the European culture of clothing; its roots date back to Oriental civilizations. In European languages and their dialects, there are lots of terminologically relative modifications relating to the garment in question. This garment found its way into the culture of clothing of several continents gradually; it was worn by members of all social classes – as a part of folk costumes, feudal lords´ clothes, dress and jerkins of church dignitaries within both the Catholic and Protestant environment; in many places, it has survived in different forms until today. Although in particular cultures and periods čamara differs in the cut and applications, it has always kept its function as an overcoat. The material shows notable identities as well. Mostly the garment is made from the fabric of animal origin – silk, wool, hair, or fur. The name “čamara” might be derived from the name of sheep or goat fur, which occurs in the languages in Near East, Northern Africa, and South Europe. Polish word czamara from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries shows the influence of especially Hungarian and Oriental environment. These czamaras were a significant source for the Czech designers of national formal dress. The kontinuity of this garment can be traced back to the Renaissance fashion in Italy and Spain.

16

ETNOLOGICKÁ POLITIKA V ÉRE SOCIALIZMU V SRBSKU: ETNOGRAFICKÝ ÚSTAV SAVU

75%

Lukiċ - Krstanoviċ M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 4

401 – 412

EN

Ethnology in Serbia in the socialist era was reviewed through (re)interpretation of marked concepts, strategies and paradigms that had shaped the specific scientific policies. The object of this paper is to break down the historization of ethnology into specific problem units that had taken place through the processes of normativization, institutionalization and conceptualization of ethnology. The ethnological policies are analysed on the example of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) over the period 1947- 1980. The establishing of the Institute, operation, realization of its tasks and objectives, as well as research and publishing production indicate the stratification and ambivalence of the phases of scientific policies.

17

ETNICITA VE VÝSKUMECH MIGRAČNÍ A KRAJANSKÉ PROBLEMATIKY V ÚSTAVU PRO ETNOGRAFII A FOLKLORISTIKU ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ AKADEMIE VĚD

75%

Uherek Z.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2011

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tom 59

|

nr 2

141 – 154

EN

This paper compare two paradigms used for addressing the question of migration and conducting research work on Czechs living abroad in the 1960s and ´70s, in what was then the Institute of Ethnology and Folkloristics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is shown that there was an older paradigm, derived from nationalist ethnography focused on one´s own ethnic group, and simultaneously a second paradigm using the assimilationist and acculturationist models emerging in countries with high immigration which had projects for the absorption of minorities and migrant groups. While both these approaches found adherents throughout the world, in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s and ´70s they were adapted to the existing social situation, and as the text demonstrates, they also proved applicable at the end of the 1980s and in the early 1990s. The article is based on content analysis of texts on research by Jaromír Jech, Vladimír Scheufler, Olga Skalníková and Vladimír Karbusický on Czechs in Banat region of Romania, and also content analysis of Iva Herdlová´s works on Czechs in Poland and Prussia. The text aims above all to extend the spectrum of knowledge about what the ethnological community of that time was working on, and which methods and paradigms were used, since the generalizations made hitherto in this regard have tended to oversimplify the situation.

18

FROM THE FIREPLACE AND STOVES TO THE FAMILY AND KIN. (METHAMORPHOSIS OF RESEARCH OF THE SLOVAK SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY) (Od ohnist a kamen k rodine a pribuznym (Promeny vyskumu slovenske spolocnosti a kultury ve 2.

75%

Kandert J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2009

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tom 57

|

nr 3

282-289

EN

Late 1960s up to 1980s represent an important change in the history of the Slovak ethnology. Longitudinal fieldwork of the social systems of the Slovak countryside started during those decades to displace traditional topics of the Slovak ethnography. Sona Svecova played the central role in the change of ethnological/anthropological topic. She started and made long-term fieldworks of the social relations in several Slovak villages (Cicmany, Jedlove Kostolany, Hrusov). From 1970s up to 1990s she was a head of the working group for the comparative study of social systems and she influenced the whole generation of the Slovak ethnographers and some from Moravia and Bohemia, too.

19

K TRANSFORMÁCII IDENTÍT SLOVÁKOV V NADLAKU

75%

Bošelová M.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2012

|

tom 19

|

nr 1-2

43 – 57

EN

The paper deals with problems of remigration of Romanian Slovaks and migration movement of Bihor-Sǎlaj Slovaks to Nadlak and with emphasis on local, ethnical confessional, socio-professional and cultural identity. The paper is devoted to issues of identity transformations of the Slovaks in Nadlak, which specify the local, ethnical, socio-professional and cultural identity. We place great emphases on interaction and how these identities are mutually interfere. Information that the author has worked and analysed in this part is derived solely from the field research.

20

SLUŽOBNÍCTVO V RETROSPEKTÍVE HISTORICKÝCH A SOCIÁLNYCH KONTEXTOV 19. A 20. STOROČIA Z POHĽADU ETNOLÓGIE

75%

Paríková M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2016

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tom 20

|

nr 1

243 – 251

EN

Servants represented a stable social and professional structure of the urban and rural society. The article is focused at the servant institution in a context of factors that caused the persistence of this social phenomenon in Slovakia until the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. It points also at the creation and development of servants as a social reality in the condition of an obvious status and wealth difference among the society. According to the examples of the current times, the author points at the actuality that labour for hire in social history presents an important part of the economic strategy in society.