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1

K FILOZOFICKÝM OTÁZKAM PRESADZOVANIA SOCIÁLNYCH PRÁV

100%

Smolková E.

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nr 7

555 – 568

EN

The issue of human rights and especially social rights is one of the most complex, intricate, and, at the same time, one of the most common topics of contemporary philosophy. It brings forward traditional philosophical themes of justice and equality, questions of bridging the moral and legal aspects of providing equal opportunities for everyone. The diversity of philosophical underpinnings of social rights allows theorists to grasp the issue from different perspectives and to introduce readers to the possibilities of accepting social rights such as the recognition of human dignity, equal opportunities, and equal chances in life. Social rights provide a way of restoring justice and opportunities for those who would not otherwise have it at all. In principle, however, it does not decide how social rights are designed, but how they are implemented and whether they are enforceable, ie how the system of social services is set up in a state and what approaches states choose in implementing social rights and whether these adequately provide social guarantees for human existence, dignity, life, equal opportunities and prevention of social exclusion.

2

K FILOZOFICKÝM VÝCHODISKÁM SÚČASNÝCH MODELOV ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI

100%

Smolková E.

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nr 8

637 – 651

EN

Most of us understand health care as a system in which certain values and moral standards must apply. We will try to grasp different types of health care systems, the way they work and, above all, specify how the systems differ from one another. We will investigate the issue of the access to health care and we will show how the theoretical and practical approaches to health issues intersect and influence each other. We will try to explain why this occurs on the background of socio-political theories and concepts that currently resonate in this area. Different theoretical bases as well as different approaches to health care require systematization and specification of criteria of differences, so that we can orientate ourselves in these issues and know the basic approaches that are present in contemporary health care. The point is, however, to show how moral approaches and moral judgments affect the methods and methodologies that are used in relation to these issues and how this may impact on the practical delivery of health care.

3

AKTUÁLNE VÝZVY SKÚMANIA TZV. RASOVEJ OTÁZKY A RASIZMU (K PROBLÉMU PÁDU STAREJ PARADIGMY MULTIKULTURALIZMU A PATOVÉMU STAVU V HUMANITNÝCH VEDÁCH V OTÁZKE ARGUMENTOVANIA PROTI RASIZMU)

86%

Šmihula D. , Hrabovský M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2015

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tom 70

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nr 5

378 – 397

EN

This study deals with the problem of falling of so-called old paradigm, the paradigm of multiculturalism. Firstly, we turn our attention to the actual and, surprisingly enough, political rejection of multiculturalism. Recently, many European countries have faced various problems with their integration policies. Despite the large number of studies on the race, as well as a number of European and international documents and declarations against racism, a paradoxical phenomenon appeared: the concept of race was restored as a “scientific fact”. Although the word race was not explicitly mentioned, the concept of ethnicity offered extensive strategic support for so-called “backward groups”. Humanistic paradigm of legal equality has been replaced by the paradigm of ethnic or racial policies, i.e. policies of collective identity. As it turned out, these policies have failed. The goal of humanistic paradigm was to get rid of the word race´s false scientific aura. Humanistic paradigm as a meta-paradigm has accepted the existence of biological differences among individuals and human populations, but there was no need to take them into account when defending its legitimacy or promoting its ideal. We assert that these problems stem from useless attempts at defending “scientifically” human equality which, however, is not based on scientific evidence, but rather on the ideal of universal equality built up on pillars such as the Christian heritage, western law, and values represented by the human beings’ capability of suffering.

4

POZITÍVNE OPATRENIA ZAMERANÉ NA RODOVÚ ROVNOSŤ V KONTEXTE EURÓPSKEHO PRÁVA

86%

Magurová Z.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2012

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tom 95

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nr 3

237 – 252

EN

The author deals in the article with the issue of gender equality and positive measures aimed to gender equality. She briefly describes the terms of sex, gender, equality, and in particular positive measure, whose content depends on the individual forms of equality. She pays special attention to the regulation of positive measures in the context of European law. In the context of Slovak law she concentrates on a definition of the term „provisional compensatory measure“, a brief analysis of the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of SR PL. ÚS 8/04 and, in particular, criticises the absence of embodiment of any gender-based positive measures in Slovak legislation.

5

NATION, NATIONALITIES, STATE: ON THE POLITICS OF ETHNIC ENTHUSIASM

86%

Pichler T.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr suppl. issue

17 – 39

EN

The study presents an analytical description of key factors and an analysis of basic concepts in the transformation of a society of estates into a society of citizens in the Kingdom of Hungary against the background of contradictory nationalizing processes: ethnic and political. In relation to the actors, that is the types of elites involved in this process, differing in available resources, social and political capital, it was a matter of a clash of nationalisms generated from above – from the level of the government, and from below from the level outside the political institutions. It was a clash between official political and nationality nationalisms. Nationality or ethnic nationalism, its way of thinking, construction and instrumentalisation of collective identity using historical argumentation is placed in the centre of attention.

6

SOCIÁLNE VYLÚČENIE Z POHĽADU NORMATÍVNEJ TEÓRIE

86%

Palovičová Z.

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tom 68

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nr 7

595 – 605

EN

The social exclusion is inseparable from considering a legitimate social order or social coherence. The paper tries to shed more light on the idea of social exclusion. Its focus is on the theoretical tension inherent in it as well as on the current ways of approaching social exclusion which underline the normative perspective. Contrary to the conceptions interpreting social exclusion as the problem of unequal opportunities as well as conceptions considering social exclusion as undesirable, their argumentation being utilitarist or welfarist, the paper wants to define social conditions in which persons are approached with equal respect regardless to their place in the social structure in question.

7

SVODODA SOBECTVÍ ZBAVENÁ

86%

Němeček D.

Motus in verbo: časopis mladej vedeckej generácie

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2016

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tom 5

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nr 1

7 – 13

EN

The European politicians from Central Europe use a very strange definition of liberalism. This strange definition leaves out the idea of equal opportunities – one of the two liberal principles. This omission is one of the results brought by the radical liberalism. Radical liberals protect liberty so strongly that they refuse any equality. They are afraid of the propensity to the totalitarianism so they refuse almost all state interventions. Radical liberals forget that an absolute refusing of the equality leads to breaking of one of the liberal principles. Liberty without equal opportunity leads to the same illiberal situation as equality without individual liberty. Both of the liberal principles must be preserved if we want to live in a liberal society. Contemporary liberals should find a solution to unite the liberal principles.