Article is devoted to scientific and practical analysis of the effectiveness of certain energy use for domestic householders – heating of private houses (apartments). According to current research, much of the most economically costly fuel – natural gas is consumed by the people (mainly for heating), at the same time the lowest savings in natural gas consumption in Ukraine was also observed among the private householders. Considered and calculated the costs of the application for heating: natural gas, electricity, firewood, pellets and heat pump. To compare different fuels the results converted to kWh • hour of energy required for heating. Calculated cost of heating the house (apartment) by different types of fuel, ranked costs for various types of heating private house (apartment) to the area of Sumy region.
The author distinguishes three stages in development of global economy according to the criterion of access of the high developed countries to energy resources. He claims that in the first stage the impact of this factor on the development of global economy was very favourable as the countries' industrialization was based on their own rich resources. The second stage witnessed a considerable dependence of high developed countries on foreign resources which did not cause any difficulties in the development of motorization and energy sectors. The third stage, however, which was initiated by the energy crisis of the 70s of the 20th century, a significant increase in dependence of USA, EU and Japan on the imports of oil and gas was accompanied by a more difficult access to these resources. The future prospects look even worse. This is due to the unprecedented in the history of global economy the alternative market for oil and gas producers in China, India and other developing countries. The developed countries' own resources of oil and gas run low and their new sources are far from being rich. The author concludes by presenting two major ways of counteracting energy threats: the introduction of new international trade policy towards oil producers, especially the Arabic countries and acceleration in the search of alternative sources of energy.
This article analyzes the current state of the mineral resources of the U.S. base, structural changes in the mining sector in the U.S., to study the main trends and prospects of commodity dependence, issues related to the implementation of the policy of diversification of sources of energy raw materials, as well as questions aimed at reducing energy intensity of U.S. GDP. The article presents data on the resource base, the dynamics and projections of production, imports, parallel to the existing energy bases – internal and external, research the main macro-economic activities to determine the level of energy security, the reasons for the reduction of fuel imports from the Middle East and at the same time slacken one's pace of development the mining industry in the United States itself. The fuel imports reduction can’t guarantee of energy security until as the U.S. economy is not to choose the road for energy efficiency and alternative energy sources. The problem solution to achieve via a three interrelated goals the long-term energy policy, namely the reconstruction of all components the energy infrastructure, and the transition to a more economical use of primary energy resources, expanding the profitable use of alternative energy sources.
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