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Analysis of the wheat endosperm transcriptome

100%

Laudencia-Chingcuanco D. L. , Stamova B. S. , Lazo G. R. , Cui X. , Anderson O. D.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2006

tom 47

nr 4

287-302

Among the cereals, wheat is the most widely grown geographically and is part of the staple diet in much of the world. Understanding how the cereal endosperm develops and functions will help generate better tools to manipulate grain qualities important to end-users. We used a genomics approach to identify and characterize genes that are expressed in the wheat endosperm. We analyzed the 17 949 publicly available wheat endosperm EST sequences to identify genes involved in the biological processes that occur within this tissue. Clustering and assembly of the ESTs resulted in the identification of 6 187 tentative unique genes, 2 358 of which formed contigs and 3 829 remained as singletons. A BLAST similarity search against the NCBI non-redundant sequence database revealed abundant messages for storage proteins, putative defense proteins, and proteins involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The level of abundance of the putatively identified genes reflects the physiology of the developing endosperm. Half of the identified genes have unknown functions. Approximately 61% of the endosperm ESTs has been tentatively mapped in the hexaploid wheat genome. Using microarrays for global RNA profiling, we identified endosperm genes that are specifically up regulated in the developing grain.

Rapid assessment of early embryo development in some wide crosses of cereals

75%

Slusarkiewicz-Jarzina A. , Ponitka A. , Wojciechowska B. , Wozna J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2000

tom 41

nr 2

75-80

The cleared-ovule technique was evaluated for rapid examination of early embryo development in selfed (barley, wheat) and crossed (barley x rye and reciprocal barley x wheat) material. The pistils were fixed in FAA and the isolated ovules were cleared in methyl salicylate. The development of embryos and endosperm were observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after pollination. The embryo development rate in barley x rye crosses was mostly similar but in some cases delayed or slightly faster than in control mother cultivars. In contrast to barley x rye crosses, in the reciprocal barley x wheat crosses the frequency of embryos was lower. The study shows that the technique of cleared-ovule in methyl salicylate may be applied for rapid assessment of early embryo and endosperm development in cereal plants. In comparison with traditional sectioning methods the clear ovule technique is simpler, more efficient and quicker.