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WILLARD VAN ORMAN QUINE: THE INDETERMINACY THESIS

100%

Leszczynska D.

nr 2

23-44

The aim of the paper is to give a partial but systematic account of Willard van Orman Quine's philosophical work. At the beginning the influence of neopositivism on Quine's philosophical attitude is sketched and the role that the criticism of the analytic-synthetic dichotomy played in the development of modern empiricism is shown. These and other issues are seen in the context of the doctrine of the indeterminacy of translation, which is the main topic of the paper. The most important consequences of the radical translation experiment are discussed, especially ontological relativity, the indeterminacy of translation and Quine's criticism of traditional semantical concepts. In the context of the empirical underdetermination thesis, the ontological character of the indeterminacy of translation is displayed. In the last part of the paper, physicalism and the assumption of the universal translatability of languages are also briefly discussed. The assumption made implicitly by Quine exemplifies his anti-relativistic standpoint.

CARTESIANISM IN E. CONDILLAC'S THEORY OF SCIENCE

100%

Janeczek S.

nr 15(28)

161-171

Condillac's sensualist epistemology used to be combined with Locke's empiristic accomplishments, following Condillac's opinion himself. The French philosopher, while appreciating this solution, sought to develop it, and in particular he wished to make it more profound. He wanted to formulate special 'metaphysics' of knowledge, the synonym of genetic analyses that were supported to answer the question: how and why is knowledge possible? The author proves that, like in the case of Locke, the point of reference in Condillac's epistemology was Descartes' solution, including his theory of science.

FILOZOF A VEDEC SO SRDCOM UMELCA (K 100. výročiu úmrtia Williama Jamesa)

75%

Višňovský E.

tom 65

nr 5

440-448

The paper gives an overall account of the main features of the philosophy of William James which in the century following his decease has been constantly revaluated. The author focuses on his permanent presence in philosophy, psychology and humanities in the 20th century. The close correlation between James's style of philosophizing and his personality traits is being stressed. The key aspects of his conceptions of truth, consciousness, experience, religious and metaphysical beliefs are briefly outlined as well.

HAYEK AND FRIEDMAN'S POPPERIAN THEMES IN ECONOMICS

75%

Lukasz M. , Mateusz M.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

2011

nr 5(53)

3-15

Two great modern classical liberals, Friedrich von Hayek and Milton Friedman were very influential economists. Their works on economic method and methodology are worth particular attention. Despite similarities in their ideology, their views in the field of philosophy of science were poles apart, although at the same time they both considered themselves to be followers of Popper. This paper attempts to resolve the issue of who might be closer to this philosopher. The first section introduces the main task. The second section briefly describes Popper's idea of falsification. The third section summarizes Friedman's famous essay on method. The fourth section presents Hayek's approach as opposed to it. The fifth section offers concluding comments.

RACIONALIZMUS A EMPIRIZMUS BUDDHISTICKÉHO KÁNONU

75%

Hubina M.

nr 1

72 – 82

The article offers a critical appraisal of the modernist claim that the Buddha’s teaching (P. Dhamma) as recorded in the Pali Canon has rational and empirical character thereby meeting the criteria of scientific knowledge valid from the nineteenth century onwards. Buddhist modernism originated in the middle of the nineteenth century as a reaction to both Western science and religion which – in hands of colonial powers – challenged Buddhism as an instrument legitimizing indigenous political systems and offering a relevant worldview. Many of the arguments introduced by these early reformers are used by Buddhist and Western modernists even nowadays. The author argues that while formalization of the polemical discussion and rational argumentation played an important role in the maintaining further and spreading of the Dhamma and though personal “experience” is presented in the Pali Canon as a sole means legitimizing the teacher’s activity, these aspects are actually set in a context (e.g. uncritical acceptance of traditional philosophical concepts or “verification” of the teaching through alternations of consciousness) which prevents the Dhamma to be attributed the characteristics claimed by modernists.