Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Obraz snu a spánku u Hérakleita a Platóna a jeho filosofické souvislosti

100%

Mikes V.

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2007

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tom 130

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nr 3-4

229-249

EN

The principal aim of this paper is to investigate the first uses of the metaphor of sleep and dream. This leads first to the general conclusion that the origins of the metaphor are to be looked for in philosophical texts, namely of Heraclitus and Plato. In the writings of the former it is related to the specific concept of the nature of man, characterized by unification and centralization - new in the period - of the cognitive functions. Heraclitus is apparently the first who uses the image of sleep to depict a state of cognitive or perceptive imperfection (basically an incapacity to see the reality), whereas Plato later establishes the similar use of the image of dream. In the course of the analysis more particular problem emerges, namely ambiguity related to the metaphor. In Heraclitus it is primarily the ambiguity due to his way of expression which invokes certain uncertainty whether the references to sleep found in the fragments are metaphorical at all. The conclusion is that this uncertainty is non-accidental and is to be connected to a more general ambiguity in Heraclitus writings concerning the question whether his perspective is normative or descriptive. Moreover, it is claimed in the paper that Heraclitus's lack of clarity corresponds to an even more general ambivalence with which Greek culture regarded sleep and dream in their literal sense and which appears much more clearly in Plato for whom (following Heraclitus) the metaphor of dream had not only a negative meaning but also a positive one (in the sense of pre-cognition). In the subsequent tradition, however, what primarily obtains is rather the negative meaning through which both authors together influenced the subsequent use of the metaphor, as seen, for example, in the case of Philo of Alexandria.

2

FENOMÉN SNU V HUDEBNĚ-DRAMATURGICKÉ KONCEPCI OPER JULIETTE A VÝLETY PANA BROUČKA

75%

Trávničková M.

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nr 2

191 – 204

EN

The study focuses on the phenomenon of dream in two operas by Czech authors – Leoš Janáček (The Excursions of Mr. Brouček) and Bohuslav Martinů (Juliette). Both operas bring up specific aesthetic issues – dreaming in opera and opera in dream. The main part of the study is musical and drama analysis of respective operas and specific features and typology of dreams in meaning and drama structure of operas. It is specifically pointed out how dream represents musical concepts in both operas. Special attention is dedicated to interpretation of individual characters from the view of dream phenomenon. Both operas are characterized by different concept of dream phenomenon. Janáček was inspired by fantasy novella written by Svatopluk Čech and highlighted satirical elements even more. Brouček´ s dream is alcohol view of drunken Brouček. In this dream Brouček goes to the moon and to the 15th century to show its real nature. Thus, Janáček uses except for dream phenomenon also phenomenon of satire, irony and burlesque. Bohuslav Martinů used as a motif of the opera Juliette a surrealist play written by Georgese Neveuxe. The whole play is a dream. The dream is about young man who deals with the problem of his inner feelings. He desires for stability and the quest for his place in the world. By means of the character of Michel the composer points to surrealistic principle of search for meaning of life although dream is more important than reality.

3

ONTOLOGICAL IMAGINARY: DEHISCENCE, SORCERY, AND CREATIVITY IN MERLEAU-PONTY’S PHILOSOPHY

63%

Dufourcq A.

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nr 8

708 – 718

EN

This paper intends to demonstrate that, beginning with his analyses of dream and hallucination in Phenomenology of perception up to his definition of dehiscence as ontological principle in The Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty holds the audacious assumption that the subject is thrown into a dreamlike and bewitched world and the self is diffracted into many reflections. It is, the author will claim, a fundamental thesis in his philosophy in as much as it enables him to unveil and even radicalize the modern crisis and to pose a crucial ethical problem: if reason is not guaranteed and has to arise perilously from irrational depths, the self is threatened by inauthenticity, illusion and alienation; the existence is a strange dream which may anytime turn into a nightmare. He will also show that Merleau-Ponty reverses this crisis into an asset: a reality which includes a fundamental dimension of imaginary leaves us free to create new metamorphoses.

4

Modelling and Observation of Mineral Dust Optical Properties over Central Europe

51%

Chilinski M. T. , Markowicz K. M. , Zawadzka O. , Stachlewska I. S. , Kumala W. , Petelski T. , Makuch P. , Westphal D. L. , Zagajewski B.

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2016

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tom Vol. 64, no. 6

2550--2590

EN

This paper is focused on Saharan dust transport to Central Europe/ Poland; we compare properties of atmospheric Saharan dust using data from NAAPS, MACC, AERONET as well as observations obtained during HyMountEcos campaign in June 2012. Ten years of dust climatology shows that long-range transport of Saharan dust to Central Europe is mostly during spring and summer. HYSPLIT back-trajectories indicate airmass transport mainly in November, but it does not agree with modeled maxima of dust optical depth. NAAPS model shows maximum of dust optical depth (~0.04-0.05, 550 nm) in April-May, but the MACC modeled peak is broader (~0.04). During occurrence of mineral dust over Central-Europe for 14% (NAAPS) / 12% (MACC) of days dust optical depths are above 0.05 and during 4% (NAAPS) / 2.5% (MACC) of days dust optical depths exceed 0.1. The HyMountEcos campaign took place in June-July 2012 in the mountainous region of Karkonosze. The analysis includes remote sensing data from lidars, sunphotometers, and numerical simulations from NAAPS, MACC, DREAM8b models. Comparison of simulations with observations demonstrates the ability of models to reasonably reproduce aerosol vertical distributions and their temporal variability. However, significant differences between simulated and measured AODs were found. The best agreement was achieved for MACC model.