Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

MODERN FORMS OF PREJUDICE. DISCURSIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

100%

Bilewicz M.

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1

51-68

EN

The article examines the theory and methods of analysing discursive forms of prejudice. Contemporary forms of prejudice are usually sensitive to the norms of political correctness. This is the reason why traditional measures of prejudice do not detect real attitudes. This article shows different approach, based on linguistics (van Dijk's critical discourse analysis, CDA), pragmatics (discriminatory speech acts), critical psychology (discursive social psychology) and social-cognition (linguistic intergroup bias, LIB). All of these perspectives present attitudes in argumentative context and examine intergroup uses of various forms of language. Finally, a case of modern Polish anti-Semitism is presented as a model issue for future application of presented methods.

2

SOCIOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

100%

Grzymala-Kazlowska A.

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1

13-34

EN

The article aims at showing the nature of sociological discourse analysis and establishing its specificity in view of other kinds of research regarding it. The text opens with the presentation of the multiplicity of discourse definitions, which stem from various scholarly disciplines. That leads the authoress to the conclusion that discourse analysis is by no means a cohesive theoretical and methodological perspective, nor a self-sufficient or integrated discipline, but rather a collection of various areas of inquiry with a dominating position of linguistics. Despite the above-mentioned shortcoming, it is possible to distinguish a sociological approach to discourse analysis and this type of research remains largely unused by the sociologists. The article points to various ways of further development of sociological discourse analysis as well as potential integration of social theory with discourse analysis.

3

THE IMPORTANCE OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN SOCIOLOGY OF NATIONALITY

100%

Nijakowski L. M.

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1

69-96

EN

The article presents a conception of the theoretical framework of the term 'discourse' in sociology exemplified by the sociology of nationality. The conception was defined explicitly and verified in the research concerning regional and national identity of inhabitants of Silesia. The intention of the author is to concentrate mainly on public discourse, which does not exclude the analysis of the importance of the ordinary conversations for forming discourse as such. Subjects of public discourse as well as the matter of discourse analysis are characterized with special attention paid to their mutual relationships and preferred research methods. The author makes use of the achievements of the science of communication and linguistics, especially text linguistics. Discourse consists of a net of keystones that interact and strengthen each other. Understood in that way it is given a historical dimension through the introduction of the category of 'trajectory'. Due to the fact that the structure of discourse (a net of keystones) corresponds to the structure of social memory of senders and receivers, some keystones refer to the resources of cultural, social, scientific and symbolic capital of the social world. On the basis of discourse social identity is formed and, to some extent, new identity is created as well. The conception presented above is analyzed and exemplified by the formation of regional and national identity of the inhabitants of Silesia.

4

THE CONTRIBUTION OF M.N. KOZHINA INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUISTIC STYLISTICS AND THEORY OF SPEECH

80%

Salimovskii V. A.

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2005

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tom 14

13-38

EN

Functional stylistics finds its origin in the works of Czech and Russian scholars of the 20-30s of the last century. In spite of great discoveries in its methodology, until the 1960s the functional-stylistic theory as an integrated and conceptual system has not been created. M.N. Kozhina's theory has had a great impact on the formation and verification of the functional-stylistic theory, her works on the theory of speech and the linguistic stylistics of the second half of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s of the 20th century were the first to reveal traces of development of linguistics from the systemic-structural to the functional-communicative paradigm. They were one of the earliest conceptions of the discourse analysis. Within this period M.N. Kozhina defined the main concepts and methods of functional stylistics, including the concept of functional style of speech, defined on the basis of extralinguistic factors. She regarded peculiarities of the main speech styles, as a result of realization of language peculiarities, typical for each communicative sphere, and the formation of stylistic-speech system. She created the classification of extralinguistic factors and the following classification of functional styles and their less varieties within the framework of functional theory. M.N.Kozhina founded the necessity of the interscientific research of styles and suggested definite patterns of their objective and stylistic-statistical analysis. These theoretical assumptions were later applied into the historical and comparative stylistics. In the 80-90s of the 20th century M.N.Kozhina considerably developed her theory. It resulted in the creation of one of the most interesting and influential trends, i.e. the functional stylistics of text. The subject of the research became a stylistic organization of the whole text as the representative of a text type, regarded within the integrity of its speech external and sense aspects, as well as of a wide cognitive, communicative and social context. She worked out the conception of special text categories, called functional and semantic-stylistic, and put out new ideas concerning cognitive and communicative factors, as form structuring components of the semantic structure of the text. The recent works of M.N. Kozhina deal with general questions of functional stylistics and with the working out of the foundations of the theory of speech as an integrated theory.

5

Prezentace událostí 11. 9. 2001: Bush, bin Ládin a jiní v interakci

80%

Nekvapil J. , Leudar I.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 2

353-377

EN

This article focuses on how the actions of enemies are co-ordinated in and through the mass media. Using ethnomethodologically informed membership categorisation analysis, the authors establish links between the presentation of the September 2001 attacks on New York and Washington in the public addresses of George W. Bush, Osama bin Laden and Václav Havel. They find that all three distinguished between 'us' and 'them' in order to recruit allies and justify the continuation of violence. The us/them membership category pairs observed were 'defenders of civilisation' vs. 'terrorists' (Bush, Havel) and 'defenders of Islam' vs. 'infidel crusaders' (bin Laden). These category pairs were not separate but rather joined through shared incumbency and in contrastively coordinated formulations of the conflict. The authors show how the actions of enemies are synchronised in media dialogical networks, which provide a limited but the only means of communication.

6

Konstruování maskulinity v časopisech životního stylu pro muže

80%

Rehackova D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 2

291-305

EN

This text examines the construction of masculinity in three men's lifestyle magazines. Using semiotics and discourse analysis, the text focuses on the construction of various representations of masculinity. It argues that men's lifestyle magazines do not show only stereotyped representations of masculinity but are also a space where the meaning of masculinity is negotiated and where masculinity loses its stability and coherence. Using the open text concept, it aims to show how the construction of a text and textual strategies which draw our attention to the code in which the text has been written participate in subverting a stereotyped representation of masculinity. The authoress argues that the subversion of a stereotype and the destruction of the naturalness of masculinity through parody that we find in men's lifestyle magazines is productive because it leads to critical reflection on the historical and social nature of masculinity.

7

Diskurz o migraci Romů na příkladu internetových diskusí

80%

Homolac J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 2

329-351

EN

In this article the author defines discourse as an analytical construct, as a complete web of texts and reactions to them in a certain sphere of the life of society and/or on a certain topic. This interpretation provides a more plausible and more verifiable model of social communication than approaches based on the assumption that the mediating element in individual interactions and social structures is social cognition. Another advantage is that discourse, as the use of language or other semiotic systems, is not reduced to just a set of characteristic and often thematic devices. In the article the author looks at the example of the majority discourse on Roma migration and analyses an internet discussion of an article on the planned migration of Slovak Roma as one genre in which this discourse occurs. The objectives of this analysis are to identify which points in the article the discussants focus on and how they react to them; to reveal how meaning is formed out of interaction by looking at comments directly referring to other comments in the same discussion; and to suggest how an analysis of internet discussions, combined with internet searches, can be applied in discourse analysis.

8

REFLECTIONS ON CORRELATION OF FUNCTIONAL STYLISTICS AND DISCOURSE STUDIES (SPEECH STUDIES APPROACH)

80%

Kozhina M. N.

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2005

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tom 14

61-74

EN

The article considers the question of the correlation of the subject and research methodology of functional stylistics and discourse analysis (primarily French tradition of discourse analysis) . It takes into account the change of modern linguistics from a structural paradigm to a functional one. It states that the compared subjects refer to speech studies (speech linguistics) and account for the process of speech activity and its extra-linguistic factors. It also proposes the definition of 'discourse'. The emphasis is that unlike traditional stylistics which P. Serio distanced away from, modern works on functional stylistics are close to discourse analysis.

9

A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC FRAMEWORK FOR DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

70%

Rut-Kluz D.

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2009

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tom 30

137-150

EN

In relation to the present interest in discourse analysis this article aims to formulate a general theoretical framework for analyzing various types of discourse. The framework is based on the theory of relevance as one of the theories enabling thorough discourse analysis. The aspects of discourse taken into account range from analyzing explicatures and implicatures including a precise classification of the type of knowledge activated for the processes of metarepresentation and covert communication. The unified framework for discourse analysis creates an ability to compare different types of discourse including comparison with everyday speech, which is the most neutral type of discourse. With such ability, different types of discourse can be compared with one another to discover more of their unique properties as well as interesting similarities.

10

O niektórych problemach zwiazanych z dyskursem antyrasistowskim. Na przykladzie sporu o oswiadczenie sejmowe posla Górskiego.

70%

Paczesny J.

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2011

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tom 7

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nr 3

1-34

EN

The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the issue of efficacy of the anti- racist communication strategies used to publicize and criticize cases of the racist hate speech in the Polish public discourse. I argue that the actions being currently undertaken within this field - defined as the anti-racist discourse - are often ineffective. The empirical basis for considerations presented in the article is provided by a discourse analysis focusing on the media dispute evoked by the parliamentary statement made by deputy Artur Górski (Law and Justice) on October 5, 2008. The context for reflection on the Polish anti-racist discourse and the controversies over the validity of the racist hate speech is of double nature. On one hand, it is shaped by the American debates on political correctness carried out in the eighties and nineties of the 20th century. On the other, the context comprises transformations of the racist and anti-racist discourse in the Western Europe as well as the rhetoric of the European populist right that has been developing since the seventies of the last century. In the article, I point at some of the causes of inefficacy of the anti-racist discourse and also try to outline certain general directives that can offer a departure point for reasonable modification of the anti-racist communication strategies in the future.

11

Tilting at windmills? Using discourse analysis to understand the attitude- behaviour gap in renewable energy conflicts

70%

Futák-Campbell B. , Haggett C.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2011

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tom 1 (51)

207-220

EN

The UK government is committed to a target of 15% of energy from renewable sources by 2210, yet it is unlikely that this will be met on current progress. While surveys indicate wide support for renewable energy, attempts to site wind farms in specific locations are frequently and fiercely resisted. In this paper, we examine this apparent contradiction. We draw on a number of wind farm conflicts, and explore the discursive formulations of key stakeholders. In particular, the management of opposition against something that has popular support is considered, a long with the strategies deployed to avoid accusations of selfish parochialism. The effect that opposition has on particular sitting conflicts, the state of wind energy developments, and the renewable debate at large will be reflected upon. The importance of sociological inquiry into these issues will be emphasised, but more importantly, the application of discourse analysis is put forward as an applied method to investigate ecological problems, such as the resistance of renewable energy sources.

12

Las imágenes de Dios y del Hombre en Salmos: un análisis discursivo de traducciones de la Biblia en espańol y en neerlandés)

70%

Heirbaut J.

Estudios Hispánicos

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2011

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tom 19

151-164

EN

Through a comparative discourse analysis, we examine to what extent the conceptualization of the relationship between God and man varies, in 30 psalms, in modern Spanish and Dutch Bible translations. We analyze the lexical expressions denoting them, with a focus on person reference, the syntactic distribution of the constituents referring to them and their discourse and semantic roles. The corpus is drawn from the Wilibrordvertaling (1995) and Biblia de Jerusalén (1998), used mainly in Catholic circles, and the Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling (2004) and Dios Habla Hoy (2002), interconfessional translations. On average, each subcorpus counts 1084 verbal clauses, our basic research units. Following the idea put forward in politeness studies that among the European, and by expansion Western, cultures or language communities, some tend to ‘distance’ while others rather privilege ‘solidarity’ in social relationships, we postulate that although the over-all image of God and Man is similar in the different versions, the interactional distance between them differs.

13

Dobrovolnictví v České republice před rokem 1989: diskurzy, definice, aktualizace

70%

Pospíšilová T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2011

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tom 47

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nr 5

887-911

EN

This article investigates volunteering as a specific interdisciplinary topic connected with civil society studies. It shows that the main body of literature treats volunteering in postcommunist countries as nonexistent or inauthentic. The year 1989 is viewed as a major turning point, after which volunteering developed anew from scratch. This article is based on twelve interviews with current volunteers that focused on their interpretation of the volunteering experience before and after 1989. The article shows that volunteering pre- and post-1989 may be framed as part of a continuous story. Interpreting the year 1989 as a break in development and a new beginning is based on a specific definition of volunteering as a part of civil society. Any description of volunteering before 1989 involves agreeing on a definition of volunteering. Volunteers refer to ‘hobby’ and ‘high-level’ volunteering, a dichotomous definition that on the one hand enables (or disables) talk about volunteering before 1989 and on the other relates to current discussions about the essence (core) of volunteering and its social value.

14

THE POLISH DEBATE AROUND 'FEAR' BY JAN TOMASZ GROSS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF 'INTERMEDIARY' DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (Polski spór o 'Strach' Jana Tomasza Grossa w perspektywie 'posredniczacej' analizy duskursu)

60%

Czyzewski M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2009

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nr 3(194)

5-26

EN

The Polish debate around Jan Tomasz Gross' 'Fear' took place at the beginning of 2008. The book relates to the question of Polish anti-Semitism after Word War II, and by the same token, it identifies the Polish self-image of a nation of victims as the source of the problem. The analysis of the debate around 'Fear' focuses on analogies with the German debate on Daniel Goldhagen's 'Hitler's Willing Executioners' from 1996; meta-discursive aspects of the Polish debate (concerning the book and the debate itself rather than historical events); some features of debate's politicization and mediatization; the problematic 'ethnization' of the debate; polarization of the standpoints and the lack of 'intermediary work' between standpoints. The conclusions lead to the postulation of an 'intermediary' discourse analysis.

15

Diskurzívna (de)konštrukcia kolektívnej identity: súperiace obrazy „Rómov“

60%

Mikus M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2008

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tom 95

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nr 3

251-272

EN

This interdisciplinary work explores current controversy over the collective identity of Romani and reasons for their social predicament. The first position, associated with Romani studies and identity politics, sees all Romani as a part of an 'ethnic group', and connects their plight to 'racial' discrimination and intolerance. Some anthropologists and social policy-makers call this 'primordialism' and deconstruct the notion of a unitary and natural 'Romani nation', maintaining most ghetto inhabitants are only classified as 'Romani' and their identity derives from their 'social exclusion'. Matching policies are advocated. The author combines contemporary anthropological approaches to the identity construction with theories of discourse to conceptualize the debate, completing the framework with self-reflection of social science. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied in examining corpora of academic and specialized writing, policy papers and media texts for the discourse construction of identity. Arguing that both discourses are differentiated instantiations of the same diagram of power normalizing 'troublesome' subjectivities, the author touches upon the ethical responsibility of scientists deconstructing essentialist representations of identities and circulating their own constructs instead.

16

Spór o obecność języka rasistowskiego w dyskursie publicznym. Sprawa oświadczenia posła Artura Górskiego

51%

Paczesny J.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2011

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nr 3(202)

95-111

PL

Celem tego artykułu jest próba opisu kontrowersji spowodowanych użyciem rasistowskiego języka w polskim dyskursie publicznym. Autor przyjmuje hipotezę o istnieniu powiązań między nagłaśnianiem rasistowskiej mowy nienawiści (i etykietowaniem posługujących się nią osób jako rasistów) a krytyką tak zwanej poprawności politycznej. Badanie miało charakter studium przypadku, dotyczącego intensywnego sporu medialnego wokół kontrowersyjnego oświadczenia sejmowego posła Artura Górskiego (PiS) z 5 listopada 2008 roku. Zastosowana metoda badawcza to analiza dyskursu, wykorzystująca między innymi metodologię analizy konwersacyjnej. W artykule prezentowana jest analiza fragmentu wspomnia- nego sporu, a mianowicie dyskusji w programie telewizyjnym „Warto rozmawiać”. Ponadto rozważane są warunki, w których możliwy byłby alternatywny, bardziej konstruktywny przebieg opisywanego medialnego sporu o prawomocność obecności języka rasistowskiego w dyskursie publicznym. W zakończeniu autor krótko odnosi wnioski płynące z analizy do bardziej ogólnych kwestii związanych z omawianą problematyką.

EN

This article attempts to describe controversies caused by the use of racist language in Polish public discourse. The author's main hypothesis investigates the interrelations between publicizing race hate speech (and labeling its users as racists) and criticisms of political correctness. The empirical evidence is based on a detailed case study of an intense media debate on the controversial parliamentary statement made by the Sejm deputy Artur Górski (member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc) on the 5th of October 2008. The research approach of discourse analysis was applied, including, inter alia, the methodology of conversation analysis. The paper presents an analysis of one instance of the aforementioned debate, i.e. the discussion in the TV talk show 'Warto rozmawiać'. Furthermore, the paper directs attention to the conditions which might enable an alternative, more productive course of media debate over racist language in public discourse. In the final part of the article, the author briefly presents the conclusions from the analysis in the context of more general issues within the discussed field.