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CHEMICKÉ ZLOŽENIE A TECHNOLÓGIA LATÉNSKEHO SKLA Z BRATISLAVY-DEVÍNA. PREDBEŽNÉ VÝSLEDKY ZO SPEKTRÁLNEJ ANALÝZY

100%

Gregor M.

Študijné zvesti

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2009

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nr 45

125 - 130

EN

Chemical composition of La Tène glass from Devín castle was set by semi-quantitative spectral analysis. Considering the obtained results, all the analysed samples could be classified into the group of sodium-calcium-siliceous glass. Chemical characteristics reflect the usage of sodium flux in the glass production. Big portions of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the analysed samples are indicating flux obtaining from phytohaline plants fly ash, what is characteristic to Mediterranean region. Hence, the glass melt was imported. The semi-quantitative chemical composition showed particular elements, which were used as dyeing oxides. A final glass colour depended on the dyeing oxide used and the atmosphere in a glass furnace. Cobalt-blue glass colouring was caused by cobalt oxide (CoO), while paler shades were probably obtained by changed CoC concentration and higher contents of Fe2O3, PbO and Sb2O3. Dark purple shades were obtained by adding of manganese (Mn) compounds and by reduction atmosphere. Oxidation atmosphere and adding of compounds containing iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) produced olive-green colouring.

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CINTORÍN Z 11. – 12. STOROČIA NA HRADE DEVÍN

100%

Plachá V. , Divileková D.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

45 – 118

EN

The article presents the results of archaeological research of cemetery from the 11th – 12th century on the south-eastern hillock of the Devín castle. The first research was carried out here by I. L. Červinka (in 1921), and continued by J. Eisner (from 1933 to 1937), and later by V. Plachá and J. Hlavicová (from 1980 to 1987). During the explorations over 600 graves were unearthed, with the prevailing E-W orientation. Above some graves stone grave boards were found. Inventory consisted mainly of jewellery and parts of clothing. Some graves could be dated through the finds of coins (Ladislas I., Koloman, Solomon). Jewellery was dominated by the s-shaped earrings, mostly massive, in some case with longitudinally ribbed loop. Another type consisted of rings – simple rings made of wire, of stick, stripped, as well as earrings with a plate, eye and with dug out decoration in the form of signs. The four graves contained necklaces from corals made of precious stones (fluorite, carnelian), as well as amber and glass corals. The preserved parts of clothing included buckles from a belt of a circular shape. In three graves the iron knives were found. In a grave of the squatted from the beginning of the 13th century there was also a ceramic vessel containing animal bones, and one incomplete vessel also coming from a grave from the second half of the 10th century. Both graves were situated outside cemetery. The stone foundations of a rotund, probably built in the 11th century, were unearthed in the cemetery. The 13th century saw burials already at the Church of St. Cross in a town of Devín, whose oldest core is dated to the mid-13th century.

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MINERALOGICKÉ ŠTÚDIUM KORÁLIKOV Z CINTORÍNA Z 11. – 12. STOROČIA Z HRADU DEVÍN

86%

Gregor M. , Vančo Ľ. , Kadlečíková M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

157 – 168

EN

The beads from the 11th and 12th century cemetery at Bratislava´s Devín Castle were analysed with help of the X-ray diffraction analysis with Goebel mirror and Raman spectroscopy. The orange-red and violet beads, sometimes in older literature marked as amethyst beads, were selected for the study. Mineralogical composition of the individual beads was determined according to the macroscopic signs and experimentally obtained data. While violet beads are made from fluorite, the orange-red ones are made from carnelian. The fluorite as well as carnelian beads are imported, since fluorite and carnelian do not occur in Slovakia in sufficient quality. Based on the distribution of deposits with the occurrence of fluorite and fluorite beads it may be expected that the raw material comes from Germany, Austria or Bohemia. As far as carnelian is concerned, because of the missing data about a detailed mineralogical and chemical composition of beads and potential raw materials, it is not possible to determine the provenance of raw materials used for their production.

4

ANTROPOLOGICKÁ, PALEODEMOGRAFICKÁ A PALEOPATOLOGICKÁ ANALÝZA HISTORICKEJ POPULÁCIE Z HRADU DEVÍN

72%

Beňuš R. , Masnicová S.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

119 – 156

EN

210 individuals from the 11th – 12th century were analysed, 81 individuals were younger than 20 years, with medium life expectancy determined at 22.0 years, sex was determined in 124 cases (57 men, 67 women). According to anthropometrical characteristics the individuals of both sexes were mesocephalic, body height reaching 167.4 cm for men and 160.4 for women. Of paleopathological lesions, traumatic and developmental lesions were observed, manifestations of physical stress, metabolic diseases (osteoporosis), diseases of teeth and periodontium, neoplastic lesions and manifestations of unspecific stress (cribra orbitalia, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses). All in all, in case of 25.2 % of individuals at least one traumatic lesion was found. Most numerous occurrences included Schmorl´s nodes, fractures of ribs and ferearm bones. Manifestations of interpersonal violence were found only in the case of 8 men. Women had 19.5 % of impression fractures on skull. Based on the analysis of degenerative-productive lesions (osteoarthrosis, spondylosis), enthezopathiae and traumatic lesions, men from this site were involved mainly in agriculture, though there were also craftsmen and soldiers. Women were engaged in heavy manual work in agriculture and domestic works. Condition of teeth, characterised by the intensity of cariosity (I-CE of men 21.7 %; women 30.7 %) and frequency of cariosity (F-CE of men 84.3 %; women 97.5 %), is not markedly different from populations of similar dating in central Europe. Of paleopathological markers of unspecific stress, there were observed cribra orbitalia (25.8 % in the whole population; 28.3 % in non-adult individuals), hypoplasia of tooth enamel (27.5 % in adult population; 11.4 % in non-adult indivi¬duals), and inflammatory processes in paranasal sinuses (14.3 % of population). As for the developmental defects, there was most frequent occurrence of spina bifida occulta (23.9 %), and in one individual the congenital luxation in hip joint. Tumour diseases were most often represented by benign (“button”) osteoma found in six individuals. In case of one adult woman lesions were identified on the left pelvic bone, probably caused by carcinoid of endocrine cells in large intestine. Five women had significantly decreased values of the amount of cortical as well as trabecular bone, and one of them displayed values of marked osteoporosis.