Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

MINOR DEPRESSIONS IN ADVANCED AGE

100%

Arochova O. , Potasova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2003

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tom 45

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nr 2

121-130

EN

In a research on a group of senior citizens (N = 101, aged 60-87 yrs), the highly loaded items in the Anxiety-Insomnia Subscale of the General Health Questionnaire-28 imply that advancing age is a risk factor for the onset of the so-called minor depressions. In addition, it was found that the symptoms anxiety/insomnia are more highly loaded among senior citizens than in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thus giving support to the view that there may be considerable discrepancy between real indicators of the quality of life and that experienced by an individual.

2

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OBESE SUBJECT IN MOLECULAR GENETICS CONTEXT (Dysfunkcje poznawcze oraz zaburzenia depresyjne w otylosci w kontekscie badan genetyczno-molekularnych)

100%

Bielinski M. , Junik R. , Tretyn A. , Borkowska A.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2008

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tom 18

63-70

EN

Obesity as illness of million people on all over the world is being investigated in many different clinical trials by many group of scientists. Attempt of revealing and understanding of every single factor which may influence on occurring obesity will take us many years. Obesity affects more and more adults and children each year. Most interesting trials of obesity are these which connect many disciplines. Psychological and neuropsychological data connected with biochemical, molecular and genetic results are important in completing etiopathology of obesity. Searching for endogenic substances influences on energetic balance leads to finding new rules for well known substances as cortisol or leptin. New interesting substances connected with nutrition are found also very often. For example, visfatin is compound which roles id pathogenesis of obesity is not well known. Observation of results recently published suggests that particularly interesting data are these where psychological and neuropsychological data are combination with genetic data. Genetic study among candidate genes as BDNF, DAT1, 5-HT2A indicates existence of specific polymorphism which predispose to higher BMI. Obesity is important and interesting for many medical and psychological scientists. Many aspects of obesity's problems are challenge for investigators. The results of clinical trials may give hope for obese patients for improving quality of life and better functioning in daily life.

3

Alteration in pattern of rapid eye movements activity during REM sleep in depression

100%

Wichniak A. , Antczak J. , Wierzbicka A. , Jernajczyk W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2002

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tom 62

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nr 4

243-250

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate REM sleep parameters, especially the temporal characteristics of rapid eye movement activity, in depressed patients, and to compare three different methods for scoring of REM density. The sleep of 15 nonmedicated depressed patients and 13 healthy controls was recorded during two consecutive nights. Sleep recordings were scored by raters blinded to the diagnosis. In comparison to healthy controls depressed patients showed an increased REM density and increased REM activity. Both groups differed also regarding the pattern of REM density changes between REM sleep periods (REMPs). Whereas in healthy controls REM density in the first REMP was significantly lower than in the successive REMPs, no such difference was found in depressed patients. On visual inspection we failed to find any significant differences in the time course of REM activity within the first REMP in depressed patients. All applied methods for scoring of REM density distinguished depressed patients from healthy controls with comparable accuracy.

4

THE EXPERIENCES OF LOSS AND THE BODY IMAGE IN YOUNG ADULTS

100%

Rzeszutek M. , Schier K.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2008

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tom 17

89-110

EN

The aim of this work was to investigate the links between the trauma of loss, depression and body image in young adults. In connection to the attachment theory (psychodynamic point of view), and from the perspective of the contemporary psychology of personality and the social psychology we accepted the presumption stating that the experience of trauma of loss in life of young adults can be connected with the occurrence of depressive states and with changes in their body image. In terms of controversies, concerning the definition of the term 'trauma' in the literature, a list of several losses was created, that we defined as the 'trauma of loss'. The concept of body image was defined as a mental representation of a human's body, which is usually unconscious and have cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. Body image is a part of person's identity. The subjects of this study were 150 students of five different universities in Warsaw (30 persons from each university) in the age between 18 and 26 years, such as the University of Warsaw, the Warsaw University of Technology, the Medical University of Warsaw, the Warsaw School of Economics and the Academy of Fine Arts. The subjects filled in a survey, concerning different forms of losses, that they could possible experience in their lives, 'The Multidimensional Bod - Self Relations Questionnaire - (MBSRQ)' of Thomas F. Cash and 'The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition - (BDI -II)' of Aaron T. Beck. The obtained results show that the experience of trauma of loss in young adults is connected with the experience of depression and with changes on some dimensions of their body image. The outcome of the analysis proved that the persons 'with trauma' differ from the persons without losses in such categories of perceptions of their body, like: the evaluation of the appearance, the fitness orientation, the physical fitness, the somatic health and the overweight preoccupation. Depending on the localization in time of the traumatic experience (in the last 12 months, earlier and in childhood) the body image of the subjects differed.

5

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE POLISH VERSION OF THE AARON T. BECK'S DEPRESSION INVENTORY BDI-II (Charakterystyka psychometryczna polskiej adaptacji Kwestionariusza Depresji BDI-II Aarona T. Becka)

100%

Zawadzki B. , Popiel A. , Praglowska E.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2009

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tom 19

71-95

EN

The paper presents results of psychometric analyses of the Polish translation of the Beck's Depression Inventory BDI-II. The sample included 456 subjects - 337 controls, 43 patients with depressive episodes and disorders (19 - current episode mild and moderate, 24 - current episode severe), 26 patients with anxiety disorders including mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, as well as 23 male prisoners and 27 females, experiencing domestic violence. The analyses comprise factorial structure of BDI-II items and their criterion-related validity (correlation with medical diagnosis of depression and severity of depression obtained by Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale), as well as reliability and validity of the total BDI-II scale, done in control and clinical groups. The validity studies of the BDI-II scale were focused on construct-oriented validity (correlations with scales of TALEIA-400A inventory, assessing clinical disorders) and criterion-oriented validity (analyses of differences of BDI-II scores among control, demographic and clinical samples). Finally, the culture specific norms in the form of cut-off scores, differing controls and depressed subjects, were derived for diagnosing the mild and severe depression, as well as several indices of validity of diagnosis (like 'total misclassification rate', 'sensitivity', etc.). The results indicate the very high reliability and validity of the BDI-II translation, fully equivalent to the original version, what enables to recommend this inventory for use in scientific research and clinical practice regarding Polish-speaking subjects.

6

Whole-body cryotherapy as adjunct treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders

100%

Rymaszewska J. , Ramsey D. , Chladzinska-Kiejna S.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

63-68

EN

Introduction: Rheumatism has been treated using whole-body cryotherapy (WBCT) since the 1970s. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of WBCT as an experimental, adjunctive method of treating depressive and anxiety disorders. Materials and Methods: A control (n=34) and a study group (n=26), both consisting of outpatients 18?65 years old with depressive and anxiety disorders (ICD-10), received standard psychopharmacotherapy. The study group was additionally treated with a series of 15 daily visits to a cryogenic chamber (2?3 min, from ?160?C to ?110?C). The Hamilton's depression rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton's anxiety rating scale (HARS) were used as the outcome measures. Results: After three weeks, a decrease of at least 50% from the baseline HDRS-17 scores in 34.6% of the study group and 2.9% of the control group and a decrease of at least 50% from the baseline HARS score in 46.2% of the study group and in none of the control group were noted. Conclusion: These findings, despite such limitations as a small sample size, suggest a possible role for WBCT as a short-term adjuvant treatment for mood and anxiety disorders.

7

THE MODERN STATE OF GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE PROBLEMS OF PERIPHERALITY IN UKRAINE (Wspolczesny stan badan geograficznych nad problemem peryferyjnosci na Ukrainie)

100%

Lozyns'kyi R.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2012

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nr 1(27)

7-12

EN

The modern state of geographical studies on problems of peripherality in Ukraine has been analyzed. Three main factors which influence the intensity of carrying out such studies were determined: the influence of Soviet and Russian geographical science; the connection between studies of peripherality and the scientific range of economic-depression problems; and the specific features of the modern development of Ukrainian human-geography. The general features of a study of this range of problems in Ukraine at the regional and global level; structural characteristics of center, semi-periphery and periphery; and approaches by Ukrainian scientists have been described in relation to the mechanisms of forming peripherality, along with methods for its study and criteria of selection.

8

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CANCER AMONG FEMALE PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT AND BENIGN BREAST DISEASE

100%

Mesarosova M. , Ostro A.

Studia Psychologica

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 2

91-102

EN

The psychological responses to disease were examined in patients with malignant and benign breast disease. Participants completed measures of depression, anxiety, stress, emotional expressivity and behavioral reactions to disease. The authors found that a high proportion of female patients with malignant breast disease are depressive, anxious and distressed. Significant differences were noted between the two groups on anxiety and stress scales. Both groups of patients revealed significant differences in depression symptoms, anxiety and stress due to education level and age. The perceived severity of illness has an important effect on the degree of anxiety. Social support lowered the expression of negative emotions in patients with malignant breast disease.

9

The specific features of adolescent depression - from developmental reaction to clinical syndrome

100%

Iniewicz G.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2008

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tom 39

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nr 3

154-157

EN

Depression belongs to the most common mental disorders of young people. Yet, its analysis has given rise to many controversies among specialists. One of the crucial raised issues is the question whether it is justified to apply the diagnosis of depression in this age group, considering the fact that intrapsychic mechanisms in adolescents are not yet mature. The theoretical problem arises: to what degree adolescent depression ought to be considered a clinical disorder, rather than a specific developmental reaction. In the present paper, the attempt has been undertaken to tackle the issue. It has been found that the diagnosis of adolescent depression cannot rely on clear-cut diagnostic criteria. Instead, it should rely on clinical assessment of an individual patient.

10

ADAM MICKIEWICZ'S DRAMA - THE RISING OF NOVEMBER 1830 IN MICKIEWICZ'S BIOGRAPHY: A REASSESSMENT (Dramat Mickiewicza - o powstaniu listopadowym w jego biografii raz jeszcze)

100%

Calek A.

|

2009

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tom 50

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nr 4-5

327-343

EN

This article takes another look at a question which has always perplexed Adam Mickiewicz's biographers: why the poet kept postponing his departure for Poland after the news about the uprising had reached Rome. His procrastination, treated as a personal drama, was usually glossed over; those commentators who did mention it, went to great lengths to find some justification for the delay. Their explanations can be divided into two classes: those citing external pressures and circumstances (eg. Mickiewicz's financial problems, or his involvement in a secret assignment), and those that prioritize various personal factors, eg. his alleged lack of faith in the success of the uprising, his presumed allegiance to Lithuania, or the declarative nature of his patriotism. Having said that it seems that Mickiewicz's reaction can yet be explained in a different way. His behaviour at that time may suggest that he suffered from a deep depression. That depression could have been the cause - and not the result, as hitherto assumed - of his procrastination. This scenario seems all the more likely as we know of severe depression recurring at other points of the poet's life

11

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-ESTEEM IN TWO CULTURALLY DIVERSE CITIES OF A COUNTRY

100%

Ersoy M. A. , Ozcan D. Y. , Agargun M. Y.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 4

415-428

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate sociodemographic factors that affect self-esteem in two culturally diverse cities of Turkey. A total of 860 subjects selected by stratified random sampling method were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, self-esteem, depression levels, perceived loneliness, support levels and anxiety levels were investigated. Self-esteem was found to be negatively related to depression. Situational and continuous anxiety levels were found to be positively related to perceived social and family support levels. Only education level was found to have a direct effect on self-esteem. The level of income, family structure, number of siblings and the province of residence were found to have an indirect effect on self-esteem. The self-esteem of inhabitants of the western city of Izmir was higher and determined mainly by education and financial levels.

12

Interhemispheric differences of sleep EEG complexity

100%

Szelenberger W. , Wackermann J. , Skalski M. , Drojewski J. , Niemcewicz S.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

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nr 4

955-959

EN

Complexity of EEG (W), a global measure reflecting degree of spatial synchronization, was computed for whole night recordings of sleep EEG of 10 healthy volunteers, 9 males and 1 female (age 21-53) and 6 depressive patients, 5 males and 1 female (age 23-64). Sleep was scored visually in 20's epochs, W was calculated in 2.5 s segments and the median from 8 segments (20 s) was calculated. W was calculated for the whole field of 21 electrodes and for the left and right hemisphere separately (2 x 8 electrodes). Measure of global power (S) and generalized frequency (f) were also computed for the same data. In healthy subjects the complexity was higher over the right hemisphere during waking, and the difference shifted to higher complexity over the left hemisphere in slow wave sleep (F=5.15, df1=4, df2=6856, P<0.0005). The opposite trend was found in depressives (F=10.51, dfl=4, df2=3960, P<0.0001).

13

Molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine development and maintenance

100%

Sala C. , Cambianica I. , Rossi F.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2008

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tom 68

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nr 2

289-304

EN

The large majority of excitatory synapses are located on dendritic spines which are discrete membrane protrusions present on neuronal dendrites. Interestingly the highly heterogeneous morphology of dendritic spines is thought to be the morphological basis for synaptic plasticity associated to learning and memory formation. Indeed dendritic spines structure is regulated by molecular mechanisms that are fine tuned and adjusted according to level and direction of synaptic activity, development, specific brain region, and different experimental behavioral conditions. This supports the idea that reciprocal changes between the structure and function of spines impact both local and global integration of signals within dendrites. An increasing number of proteins have been found to be morphogens for dendritic spines and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating spine formation and morphology. Thus determining the mechanisms that regulate spine formation and morphology is essential for understanding the cellular changes that underlie learning and memory in normal and pathological conditions.

14

RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA IN DEPRESSION

100%

Rynkiewicz A.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

|

2006

|

tom 14

81-108

EN

Early and accurate diagnosis and possibility of differentiating forms of depression is an important aim for psychiatrists. Psychophysiologists try to analyze respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as a valuable index, which can have utility in this field. RSA is a natural variability of heart rate, with frequency equal to frequency of breathing. An origin of RSA is quite complex, since this arrhythmia is influenced by vagus nerve activity as well as by the central respiratory generator, which controls the movements of the lungs. It is possible, that different factors responsible for frequency and amplitude of RSA are independent of each other. An interesting conception, which tries to explain a mechanism underlying RSA, is the Porges' theory. In this researcher opinion a periodic fluctuations in heart rate are connected with physiological self-regulatory processes. A heart rate variability assessment is usually executed on the basis of tachogram. The spectral analysis allows its decomposition into components of different frequencies. Summarized amplitude of fluctuations in each band of frequency is derived from the power function. The value of this function for about 0.2 Hz is the RSA level. Among depressed individuals, as well as among patients with some other pathologies, low RSA is observed. Different therapeutic methods, which reduce symptoms and improve a patient state, also significantly increase RSA amplitude. These observations lead to conclusion that low RSA is associated with emotion regulation difficulties observed in patients with depression.

15

MODERATING EFFECTS OF SELF-EFFICACY IN THE RELATIONS OF THE PERFECTIONISM AND DEPRESSION

88%

Zhang B. , Cai T.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 1

15 – 21

EN

The purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding of the link between perfectionism and depression by examining the role of self-efficacy as a moderator in the relationship. Using a convenient sampling method, a sample of 570 university students completed Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Correlation analyses indicated that maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with depression, and negatively correlated with self-efficacy. In contrast, adaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with self-efficacy, and was not correlated with depression. Moreover, the present study confirms the moderating effect of self-efficacy between maladaptive perfectionism and depression in Chinese university students. The results support the notion that adaptive perfectionism is distinct from maladaptive perfectionism. Some practical implications of the present findings are discussed.

16

Leki psychotropowe drogą do zrozumienia połączenia między umysłem a mózgiem

88%

Murawiec S.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2010

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tom 46

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nr 2

87-104

EN

The paper presents current scientific literature review concerning effect of psychotropic medication on highly integrated functions of brain and mind on biological and psychological levels. The effects of medication is not mechanistic but is dependent on psychological and social aspects of situation of the individual person under treatment. After it's administration the dynamic interplay between different psychological and biological processes occur. The review of neurobiological aspects of placebo effects, action of antidepressants on emotional information processing and anxiolytics on fear processing is presented. The paper presents also the theory of psychosis as a state of aberrant salience and the action of antipsychotic drugs in the context of dampening of excessive salience. The results of this research and theories show how complex are mechanism of psychotropic medication influences on human mind.

17

Scalenie naruszonego “ja” w procesie kompleksowej rehabilitacji kardiologicznej

75%

Piwoda A. , Tutaj A.

Studia Socialia Cracoviensia

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2010

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nr 1(2)

89-97

EN

The aim of this article is to emphasize problems associated with rehabilitation con ducted in post-cardiac surgery patients, who constitute – because of the constantly increasing number of such patients – an important part of the contemporary reality. The topics included in this work pertain to problems with maintenance of psychophysical unity in this social group (disturbances in the image of physical self, depression, stress, anxiety) as well as they attempt to present methods used to maintain this unity and to improve the quality of life (complex peri-operative rehabilitation, necessity to change life style).

18

PSYCHOLOGICAL, MEDICAL AND BIO-BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE

75%

Skorodensky M. , Skodova Z. , Takac P. , Mechirova V. , Palova E. , Tajtakova M. , Gibalova M.

Studia Psychologica

|

2007

|

tom 49

|

nr 4

321-331

EN

The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of an integrative bio-behavioral approach to coronary heart disease. We explored relationships between psychological characteristics and traditional biomedical risk factors of coronary heart disease, by using specific methods not commonly used in Slovakia (VCE interview, RIA serotonin levels assessment). A structured interview was conducted with 89 patients, who were divided into 4 diagnostic groups: 1) cardiac patients after myocardial infarction (MI), 2) patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, 3) patients with depression, and 4) participants with growth hormone insufficiency. The VCE interview (Friedman, Ghandour, 1993) was used to assess the levels of free-floating hostility and time urgency. Beck's questionnaires (BDI, BAI) and Zung's inventory were employed in order to explore depression and anxiety. The B.P.A.I. questionnaire was used as the measure of anger and hostility. The medical and biochemical examinations were also performed (e.g., BMI, blood pressure, Doppler, EKG, cholesterol, serotonin). ANOVA, Pearson's coefficients and factor analysis were used as the statistical methods. Cardiac patients after MI scored significantly higher in free-floating hostility, time urgency and total score of the VCE interview compared to all other groups. It has been shown that results of the VCE structured interview are efficient in distinguishing patients with coronary heart disease from patients without this disorder. The cardiac patients also had higher levels of anxiety and depression, which were significantly associated with the lowest serotonin levels in this group. The group of patients with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of the above-mentioned variables compared to the group with depression and growth hormone insufficiency, which illustrates on the psychological level that metabolic syndrome might be perceived as an antecedent of future coronary heart disease. The trend of higher cardiac risk in patients suffering from depression was also partially confirmed. The results of the present study showed that psychosocial factors, especially free-floating hostility and time urgency, are strongly connected to the somatic risk factors which play an important role in the origin and development of coronary heart disease. More attention should be paid to psychosocial factors when considering the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease.

19

SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND SUBJECTIVE FEELINGS OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS: IMPACT OF THE HEARING STATUS

75%

Cernelic B. M.

Studia Psychologica

|

2009

|

tom 51

|

nr 2-3

193-206

EN

The aim of this study is to determine if the hearing loss influences the level of psychological distress and symptoms among deaf adolescents by examining the difference between deaf adolescents and their peers who have normal hearing. 36 deaf and 36 adolescents with normal hearing participated in the study. The two groups were assessed by means of The Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Non-verbal Scale of Suffering. To test the relevance of the differences between the experimental group and the control group we applied the Mann Whitney U-test. The results showed no statistically relevant differences between expressed symptoms of the two groups. The same level of emotional distress (suffering) was observed among both groups of adolescents; anxiety was positively linked to depressive feelings, feelings of sadness and sexual concerns, although it had no relation to emotional suffering. The demographic variables (age, sex and socioeconomic status) were not related to the level of symptoms. On the basis of the obtained results and analyses, we may conclude that deaf adolescents did not demonstrate characteristics of lower level adaptation. The interpretations of the results have taken into account the theoretical assumptions and previous research of other authors.

20

A Notional Level of Cognitive Distortions in Depression: Does It Exist? A Voice for Interdisciplinarity in Studying Cognitive Functioning of Individuals with Depressive Disorders

75%

Bartczak M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2009

|

tom 40

|

nr 4

58-71

EN

This aritcle raises the problem of cognitive depressive distortions observed at the notional level. It relates to recent neuropsychological, psychological, and linguistic studies, taking an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective, and illustrating the advantages of interdisciplinarity in modern psycholinguistic projects. It shows that, generally, the notional level has been neglected in psychopathological and psychological research on depressive functioning. The problem is described with reference to linguistic and psycholinguistic theories linking language with cognition. Particular emphasis is devoted to theories and methods of metaphorical processing analysis which, taking into account the similarities between cognitive functions engaged in understanding metaphors, and those disordered as a result of depression, seem to be an adequate frame to study the problem. The text ends with a proposal of an interdisciplinary research project dedicated to the study of metaphorical conceptualizations of some notions created by people suffering from depression.